Unix/Linux Command Reference - FOSSwire

1 Unix/Linux Command Commandsls directory listingls -al formatted listing with hidden filescd dir - change directory to dircd change to homepwd show current directorymkdir dir create a directory dirrm file delete filerm -r dir delete directory dirrm -f file force remove filerm -rf dir force remove directory dir *cp file1 file2 copy file1 to file2cp -r dir1 dir2 copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn't existmv file1 file2 rename or move file1 to file2if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2ln -s file link create symbolic link link to filetouch file create or update filecat > file places standard input into filemore file output the contents of filehead file output the first 10 lines of filetail file output the last 10 lines of filetail -f file output the contents of file as it grows.

2 Starting with the last 10 linesProcess Managementps display your currently active processestop display all running processeskill pid kill process id pidkillall proc kill all processes named proc *bg lists stopped or background jobs; resume a stopped job in the backgroundfg brings the most recent job to foregroundfg n brings job n to the foregroundFile Permissionschmod octal file change the permissions of file to octal, which can be found separately for user, group, and world by adding: 4 read (r) 2 write (w) 1 execute (x)Examples:chmod 777 read, write, execute for allchmod 755 rwx for owner, rx for group and worldFor more options, see man user@host connect to host as userssh -p port user@host connect to host on port port as userssh-copy-id user@host add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless loginSearchinggrep pattern files search for pattern in filesgrep -r pattern dir search recursively for pattern in dircommand | grep pattern search for pattern in the output of commandlocate file find all instances of fileSystem Infodate show the current date and timecal show this month's calendaruptime show current uptimew display who is onlinewhoami who you are logged in asfinger user display information about useruname -a show kernel informationcat /proc/cpuinfo cpu

3 Informationcat /proc/meminfo memory informationman Command show the manual for commanddf show disk usagedu show directory space usagefree show memory and swap usagewhereis app show possible locations of appwhich app show which app will be run by defaultCompressiontar cf files create a tar named containing filestar xf extract the files from czf files create a tar with Gzip compressiontar xzf extract a tar using Gziptar cjf create a tar with Bzip2 compressiontar xjf extract a tar using Bzip2gzip file compresses file and renames it to -d decompresses back to fileNetworkping host ping host and output resultswhois domain get whois information for domaindig domain get DNS information for domaindig -x host reverse lookup hostwget file download filewget -c file continue a stopped downloadInstallationInstall from source.

4 /configuremakemake installdpkg -i install a package (Debian)rpm -Uvh install a package (RPM)ShortcutsCtrl+C halts the current commandCtrl+Z stops the current Command , resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the backgroundCtrl+D log out of current session, similar to exitCtrl+W erases one word in the current lineCtrl+U erases the whole lineCtrl+R type to bring up a recent Command !! - repeats the last commandexit log out of current session* use with extreme caution.