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Unix Toolbox - cb.vu

unix Toolbox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c 3 XRSDL c c /MKHMD (DKO c 1 SYSTEM 3 GNQS ,HMTW QDEDQDMBD VVV OHWDKAD@S NQF BLCKHMD GSLK.))

FreeBSD Per shell/script 5RDSG DBNLL@MC limits HMBRGNQSB RGNQ@RHM,HMTW TRD ulimit HM@MRGNQA@ RGRGDKK Per user/process 4GDCDE@TKSKHLHSRNMKNFHM@QDRDSHM

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Transcription of Unix Toolbox - cb.vu

1 unix Toolbox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c 3 XRSDL c c /MKHMD (DKO c 1 SYSTEM 3 GNQS ,HMTW QDEDQDMBD VVV OHWDKAD@S NQF BLCKHMD GSLK.))

2 ,HSSKD BNLL@MC KHMD FNNCHDR VVV RGDKK ET NQF. (@QCV@QD O [ 3S@SHRSHBR O [ 5 RDQR O [ ,HLHSR O [ 2 TMKDUDKR O [ QNNS O@RRVNQC O [. #NLOHKD JDQMDK O [ 2DO@HQ FQTA O [ -HRB O. 2 TMMHMF JDQMDK @MC RXRSDL HMENQL@SHNM 4G@S R @KK ENKJR. # uname -a # Get the kernel version (and BSD version). # lsb_release -a # Full release info of any LSB distribution # cat /etc/SuSE-release # Get SuSE version # cat /etc/debian_version # Get Debian version 5RD DSB DISTR QDKD@RD VHSG DISTR= KRA 5 ATMST QDCG@S FDMSNN L@MCQ@JD RTM 3NK@QHR @MC RN. NM 3DD @KRN /etc/issue # uptime # Show how long the system has been running + load # hostname # system's host name # hostname -i # Display the IP address of the host. (Linux only). # man hier # Description of the file system hierarchy # last reboot # Show system reboot history Hardware Informations +DQMDK CDSDBSDC G@ # dmesg # Detected hardware and boot messages # lsdev # information about installed hardware # dd if=/dev/mem bs=1k skip=768 count=256 2>/dev/null | strings -n 8 # Read BIOS.)]]]]]]]]

3 Linux # cat /proc/cpuinfo # CPU model # cat /proc/meminfo # Hardware memory # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # Display the physical memory # watch -n1 'cat /proc/interrupts' # Watch changeable interrupts continuously # free -m # Used and free memory (-m for MB). # cat /proc/devices # Configured devices # lspci -tv # Show PCI devices # lsusb -tv # Show USB devices # lshal # Show a list of all devices with their properties # dmidecode # Show DMI/SMBIOS: hw info from the BIOS. freebsd . # sysctl # CPU model # sysctl hw # Gives a lot of hardware information # sysctl # number of active CPUs installed # sysctl vm # Memory usage # sysctl # Hardware memory # sysctl -a | grep mem # Kernel memory settings and info # sysctl dev # Configured devices # pciconf -l -cv # Show PCI devices # usbdevs -v # Show USB devices # atacontrol list # Show ATA devices # camcontrol devlist -v # Show SCSI devices Load, statistics and messages 4GD ENKKNVHMF BNLL@MCR @QD TRDETK SN EHMC NTS VG@S HR FNHMF NM NM SGD RXRSDL.

4 # top # display and update the top cpu processes # mpstat 1 # display processors related statistics # vmstat 2 # display virtual memory statistics # iostat 2 # display I/O statistics (2 s intervals). # systat -vmstat 1 # BSD summary of system statistics (1 s intervals). # systat -tcp 1 # BSD tcp connections (try also -ip). # systat -netstat 1 # BSD active network connections 4 GHR CNBTLDMS 5 MHW 4 NNKANW QDUHRHNM HR KHBDMRDC TMCDQ @ #QD@SHUD #NLLNMR ,HBDMBD. # systat -ifstat 1 # BSD network traffic through active interfaces ;!SSQHATSHNM 3G@QD !KHJD= b #NKHM "@QRBGDK 3 NLD QHFGSR QDRDQUDC. c /MKHMD (DKO c c 3 XRSDL c The program # systat -iostat 1 # BSD CPU and and disk throughput #include " " # ipcs -a # information on System V interprocess #include <iostream> # tail -n 500 /var/log/messages # Last 500 kernel/syslog messages #include <string> # tail /var/log/warn # System warnings messages see using namespace std.)

5 Int main (int argc, char* argv[]) {. string ipstr; // define variables Users unsigned long ipint = 1347861486; // The IP in integer form # id # Show the active user id with login and group GenericUtils::IPv4 iputils; // create an object of the class # last # Show last logins on the system ipstr = (ipint); // call the class member # who # Show who is logged on the system cout << ipint << " = " << ipstr << endl; // print the result # groupadd admin # Add group "admin" and user colin (Linux/Solaris). # useradd -c "Colin Barschel" -g admin -m colin return 0;. # usermod -a -G <group> <user> # Add existing user to group (Debian). }. # groupmod -A <user> <group> # Add existing user to group (SuSE). #NLOHKD @MC DWDBTSD VHSG # userdel colin # Delete user colin (Linux/Solaris). # adduser joe # freebsd add user joe (interactive).

6 # g++ -c # Compile in objects # rmuser joe # freebsd delete user joe (interactive). # g++ -o # Link the objects to final executable # pw groupadd admin # Use pw on freebsd . # . # pw groupmod admin -m newmember # Add a new member to a group 1347861486 = # pw useradd colin -c "Colin Barschel" -g admin -m -s /bin/tcsh 5RD ldd SN BGDBJ VGHBG KHAQ@QHDR @QD TRDC AX SGD DWDBTS@AKD @MC VGDQD SGDX @QD KNB@SDC !KRN TRDC # pw userdel colin; pw groupdel admin SN BGDBJ HE @ RG@QDC KHAQ@QX HR LHRRHMF NQ HE SGD DWDBTS@AKD HR RS@SHB %MBQXOSDC O@RRVNQCR @QD RSNQDC HM DSB RG@CNV ENQ ,HMTW @MC 3NK@QHR @MC DSB L@RSDQ O@RRVC NM. # ldd /sbin/ifconfig # list dynamic object dependencies &QDD"3$ )E SGD L@RSDQ O@RRVC HR LNCHEHDC L@MT@KKX R@X SN CDKDSD @ O@RRVNQC QTM # pwd_mkdb # ar rcs *.o # create static archive -p SN QDATHKC SGD C@S@ # ar t # print the objects list from the archive # ar x /usr/ # extract an object file from the archive # nm # show function members provided by object 4N SDLONQ@QHKX OQDUDMS KNFHMR RXRSDL VHCD ENQ @KK TRDQR ATS QNNS TRD MNKNFHM 4GD LDRR@FD HM.

7 MNKNFHM VHKK AD CHROK@XDC LHFGS MNS VNQJ VHSG RRG OQD RG@QDC JDXR. # echo "Sorry no login now" > /etc/nologin # (Linux). Simple Makefile # echo "Sorry no login now" > /var/run/nologin # ( freebsd ). 4GD LHMHL@K -@JDEHKD ENQ SGD LTKSH RNTQBD OQNFQ@L HR RGNVM ADKNV 4GD KHMDR VHSG HMRSQTBSHNMR must begin with a tab 4GD A@BJ RK@RG < B@M AD TRDC SN BTS KNMF KHMDR Limits CC = g++. CFLAGS = -O 3 NLD @OOKHB@SHNM QDPTHQD GHFGDQ KHLHSR NM NODM EHKDR @MC RNBJDSR KHJD @ OQNWX VDA RDQUDQ. OBJS = C@S@A@RD 4GD CDE@TKS KHLHSR @QD TRT@KKX SNN KNV. simplecpp: ${OBJS} Linux ${CC} -o simplecpp ${CFLAGS} ${OBJS}. clean: Per shell/script rm -f ${TARGET} ${OBJS}. 4GD RGDKK KHLHSR @QD FNUDQMDC AX ulimit 4GD RS@STR HR BGDBJDC VHSG ulimit -a &NQ DW@LOKD SN. BG@MFD SGD NODM EHKDR KHLHS EQNL SN CN. 23 ONLINE HELP # ulimit -n 10240 # This is only valid within the shell 4GD ulimit BNLL@MC B@M AD TRDC HM @ RBQHOS SN BG@MFD SGD KHLHSR ENQ SGD RBQHOS NMKX.

8 Documentation Per user/process ,HMTW $NBTLDMS@SHNM DM SKCO NQF ,NFHM TRDQR @MC @OOKHB@SHNMR B@M AD BNMEHFTQDC HM /etc/ &NQ ,HMTW -@M 0@FDR VVV KHMTWL@MO@FDR BNL # cat /etc/ ,HMTW BNLL@MCR CHQDBSNQX VVV NQDHKKXMDS BNL KHMTW BLC * hard nproc 250 # Limit user processes ,HMTW CNB L@M GNVSNR KHMTW CHD MDS asterisk hard nofile 409600 # Limit application open files &QDD"3$ (@MCANNJ VVV EQDDARC NQF System wide &QDD"3$ -@M 0@FDR VVV EQDDARC NQF BFH L@M BFH. +DQMDK KHLHSR @QD RDS VHSG RXRBSK 0 DQL@MDMS KHLHSR @QD RDS HM / &QDD"3$ TRDQ VHJH VVV EQDDARCVHJH MDS. 3NK@QHR -@M 0@FDR CNBR RTM BNL @OO CNBR BNKK # sysctl -a # View all system limits # sysctl # View max open files limit # sysctl # Change max open files limit Other unix /Linux references # echo "1024 50000" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range # port range # cat / 2 NRDSS@ 3 SNMD ENQ 5 MHW AG@LH BNL QNRDSS@ GSLK @ 5 MHW BNLL@MC SQ@MRK@SNQ # Permanent entry in # cat /proc/sys/fs/file-nr # How many file descriptors are in use 5 MHW FTHCD BQNRR QDEDQDMBD TMHWFTHCD MDS TMHWFTHCD RGSLK.)

9 ,HMTW BNLL@MCR KHMD KHRS VVV KHMTWBLC NQF. c 3 XRSDL c c 0 QNFQ@LLHMF c freebsd # gcc -o simple # ./simple Per shell/script The answer is 42. 5RD SGD BNLL@MC limits HM BRG NQ SBRG NQ @R HM ,HMTW TRD ulimit HM @M RG NQ A@RG RGDKK. Per user/process C++ basics 4GD CDE@TKS KHLHSR NM KNFHM @QD RDS HM / !M TMKHLHSDC U@KTD HR RSHKK KHLHSDC AX SGD *pointer // Object pointed to by pointer RXRSDL L@WHL@K U@KTD &obj // Address of object obj // Member x of class obj (object obj). System wide pobj->x // Member x of class pointed to by pobj // (*pobj).x and pobj->x are the same +DQMDK KHLHSR @QD @KRN RDS VHSG RXRBSK 0 DQL@MDMS KHLHSR @QD RDS HM / NQ /boot/. 4GD RXMS@W HR SGD R@LD @R ,HMTW ATS SGD JDXR @QD CHEEDQDMS. # sysctl -a # View all system limits C++ example # sysctl # maximum number of file descriptors !R @ RKHFGSKX LNQD QD@KHRSHB OQNFQ@L HM # @ BK@RR HM HSR NVM GD@CDQ )0U G @MC # Permanent entry in / )0U BOO @MC @ OQNFQ@L VGHBG TRDR SGD BK@RR ETMBSHNM@KHSX 4GD BK@RR BNMUDQSR @M )0 @CCQDRR HM.

10 # Typical values for Squid HMSDFDQ ENQL@S SN SGD JMNVM PT@C # TCP queue. Better for apache/sendmail # sysctl # How many file descriptors are in use IPv4 class # sysctl # How many open sockets are in use # sysctl # Default is 1024-5000 : # netstat -m # network memory buffers statistics #ifndef IPV4_H. #define IPV4_H. 3DD 4GD &QDD"3$ G@MCANNJ #G@OSDQ ENQ CDS@HKR !MC @KRN &QDD"3$ ODQENQL@MBD STMHMF #include <string>. Solaris namespace GenericUtils { // create a namespace 4GD ENKKNVHMF U@KTDR HM /etc/system VHKK HMBQD@RD SGD L@WHLTL EHKD CDRBQHOSNQR ODQ OQNB class IPv4 { // class definition public: set rlim_fd_max = 4096 # Hard limit on file descriptors for a single proc IPv4(); ~IPv4();. set rlim_fd_cur = 1024 # Soft limit on file descriptors for a single proc std::string IPint_to_IPquad(unsigned long ip);// member interface }.}


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