Wechsler知能検査における算数，順唱，逆唱の関 …

1 5 2 2006 .. Japanese Journal on Support System for Developmental Disabilities wechsler .. WAIS-R WISC-III .. 3 .. - .. Key Words WISC-III WAIS-R .. 34)35) .. 1885 Ebbinghaus . (memory span) .. Ebbinghaus .. 19) . 1)2)3) . 4)25) . wechsler . wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; WAIS 7)8)10)11)12)16)21)22). wechsler Intelligence Scale for . Children; WISC . Digit Span task 20) .. wechsler 27)29) .. Hoshi (2000)18) .. Gerton . (2004)14) .. Table 1 . Pearson . Table 2 .. WAIS . WISC .. r = .48, p < .01 . WAIS-R WAIS-R 34) . WISC-III 25. 34 .44 .. WAIS-R .. Table 1 1 .. 36 17 19 .. SD: , Range: 23 43 6 - 25 5 - 12 4 - 13.. Table 2 1 . WAIS-R 34) . ( ) ..21..09 .44 **..39 *.

2 45 **.. * p < .05. ** p < .01.. 1 .. 34 1 . 12 1 11 14. 6 8 3 8 3. 5 . wechsler .. 10 7 .. WISC-III Pearson . 35) Table 4 . 1 . 1 .. WISC-III .. WAIS-R . Table 3 WISC-III . Fig. 1 .. Table 3 2 .. 3 . 10 - 16 4 - 10 2 - 7.. Table 4 2 . WISC-III .. 3 .. - ..61 ** - .11 *..37 * .31 - ..33 .52 ** .18 - . * p < .05. ** p < .01. Reynold(1997)27) 5 19 .. Swanson & Beebe-Frankenberger(2004)29) . 1 3 .. Passolunghi & Siegel(2004)24) 5 . Gathercole (2004)12) 7 . 14 Rasmussen &. Bisanz(2005)26) 5. 3 1 . Fig. 1 ( ) . Henry(2001)17).. 15) .. 28)33) .. 5)6)21)23)24)30) Geary . (1999)13) 1 .. van der Sluis (2005)32) 10 .. 10 Numminen . (2000)22) .. wechsler . 9) . (2005) WISC-III.

3 10)Gathercole, S. E., & Pickering, S. J. (2000). Working memory deficits in children with low achievements in the national curriculum 9)31) at 7 years of age. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 177-194. 11)Gathercole, S. E., Pickering, S. J., Ambridge, B., Wearing, H. (2004) The structure of working memory from 4 to 15 years of age. Developmental Psychology, 40, 177-190. 12)Gathercole, S. E., Pickering, S. J., Knight, C., & Stegmann, Z. (2004)Working memory 1)Baddeley, A. (1992) Working Memory. Science, skills and educational attainment: Evidence 255, 556-559. from national curriculum assessments at 7. 2)Baddeley, A. (1995) Working memory. In M. S. and 14 years of age.

4 Applied Cognitive Gazzaniga (Ed.) The cognitive neurosciences. Psychology, 18, 1-16. Massachusetts: MIT Press; 13)Geary, D. C., Hoard, M. K., & Hamson, C. O. 3)Baddeley, A. D., & Logie, R. H. (1999) Working (1999) Numerical and arithmetical cognition: memory: The multiple- component model. In A. Patterns of functions and deficits in children Miyake & P. Shah (eds.) Models of workingmemory: at risk for a mathematical disabilities. Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, control. Cambridge: Cambridge UP; 74, 213-239. 4)Bors, D. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (1996) Individual 14)Gerton, B. K., Brown, T. T., Meyer-Lindenberg, differences in memory.

5 In Bjork & A., Kohn, P., Holt, J. L., Olsen, R. K., &. Bjork (Eds.) Memory. San Diego: Academic Berman, K. F. (2004) Shared and distinct Press; neurophysiological components of the digits 5)Bull, R., Johnston, R. S., & Roy, J. A. (1999) forward and backward tasks as revealed by Exploring the roles of the visual-spatial functional neuroimaging. Neuropsychologia, sketchpad and central executive in children's 42, 1781-1787. arithmeticalskills: Views from cognition and 15)Groth-Marnat, G., & Baker, S. (2003) Digit developmentalneuropsychology. Developmental span as a measure of everyday attention: A. Neuropsychology, 15, 421-442. study of ecological validity. Perceptual and 6)Bull, R.

6 , & Scerif, G. (2001) Executive functioning Motor Skills, 97, 1209-1218. as a predictor of children's mathematics 16)Hale, J. B., Hoeppner, B., & Fiorello, C. ability: Inhibition, switching, and working A. (2002) Analyzing digit span components memory. Developmental Neuropsychology, for assessment of attention processes. 19, 273-293. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 7)Conners, F. A., Carr, M. D., & Willis, S. 20, 128-143. (1998) Is the phonological loop responsible 17)Henry, L. A. (2001) How does the severity of for intelligence-related differences in a learning disability affect working memory forward digit span? American Journal of performance? Memory, 9, 233-247.

7 Mental Retardation, 103, 1-11. 18)Hoshi, Y., Oda, I., Wada, Y., Ito, Y., Yamashita, 8)Davis, H. L., & Pratt, C. (1995) The development Y., Oda, M., Ohta, K., Yamada, Y., & Tamura, M. of children's theory of mind: The working (2000) Visuospatial imagery is a fruitful memory explanation. Australian Journal of strategy for the digit span backward task: A. Psychology, 47, 25-31. study with near-infrared optical tomography. Cognitive Brain Research, 9, 339-342. 19)Lezak, (1995)Neuropsychological 27)Reynolds, C. R. (1997) Forward and backward assessment. 3rd edition. New York: Oxford memory span should not be combined for University Press. ( ) clinical analysis. Archives of Clinical (2005) Neuropsychology, 12, 29-40.

8 28)Siegel, L. S., & Linder, B. A. (1984). 20)Li, , & Lewandowsky, S. (1995) Forward Short-term memory processes in children and backward recall: Different retrieval with reading and arithmetic learning processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: disabilities. Developmental Psychology, 20, Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 837-847. 200-207. 21)McLean, J. F., & Hitch, G. J. (1999) 29)Swanson, H. L., & Beebe-Frankenberger, M. Working memory impairments in children (2004) The relationship between working with specific arithmetic learning difficulties. memory and mathematical problem solving Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, in children at risk and not at risk for 74, 240-260.

9 Serious math difficulties. Journal of 22)Numminen, H., Service, E., Ahonen, T., Korhonen, Educational Psychology, 96, 471-491. T., Tolvanen, A., Petja, K., & Ruoppila, I. (2000) 30)Swanson, H. L., & Sachse-Lee, C. (2001). Working memory structure and intellectual Mathematical problems solving and disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability workingt memory in children with learning Research, 44, 579-590. disabilities: Both executive and phonological 23)Passolunghi, M. C., & Siegel, L. S. (2001) processes are important. Journal of Short-term memory, working memory, and Experimental Child Psychology, 79, 294-321. inhibitory control in children with difficulties 31) ( ) (2005).

10 In arithmetic problem solving. Journal of . Experimental Child Psychology, 80, 44-57.. 24)Passolunghi, M. C., & Siegel, L. S. (2004) 32)van der Sluis, S., van der Leij, A., & de Jong, Working memory and access to numerical P. E. (2005) Working memory in Dutch children information in children with disability in with reading- and arithmetic-related LD. mathematics. Journal of Experimental Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38, 207-221. Child Psychology, 88, 348-367. 33)Webster, R. E. (1980) Short-term memory in 25)Ramsay, M. C., & Reynolds, C. R. (1995) mathematics-proficient and mathematic Separate digits tests: A brief history, a -disabled students as a function of input literature review, and a reexamination of -modality/ output-modality pairings.