YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLE - Free Bible Commentary

1 YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLE !The Exodus of Israelfrom Egypt:God Fulfills His Promiseto AbrahamExodus 1-24; 32-34; 35 BOB UTLEYPROFESSOR OF HERMENEUTICS( BIBLE INTERPRETATION)STUDY GUIDE Commentary SERIESOLD TESTAMENT, VOL. 2 ABIBLE LESSONS INTERNATIONALMARSHALL, 2014 by BIBLE Lessons International, Marshall, TexasAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any way or by any means without the writtenpermission of the Lessons InternationalP. O. Box 1289 Marshall, TX 75671-12891-800-785-1005 ISBN 978-1-892691-29-3 The primary biblical text used in this Commentary is:New American Standard BIBLE (Update, 1995)Copyright 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman FoundationP.

2 O. Box 2279La Habra, CA 90632-2279 The paragraph divisions and summary captions as well as selected phrases are New King James Version, Copyright 1979, 1980, 1982 by Thomas Nelson, by permission. All rights New Revised Standard Version of the BIBLE , Copyright 1989 by the Division of ChristianEducation of National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U. S. A. Used by permission. Allrights s English Version is used by permission of the copyright owner, The American BibleSociety, 1966, 1971. Used by permission. All rights New Jerusalem BIBLE , copyright 1990 by Darton, Longman & Todd, Ltd. and Doubleday,a division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc.

3 Used by permission. All BIBLE COMMENTARYYOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLE !THE EXODUS of israel FROM EGYPT: GOD FULFILLS HIS PROMISE TO ABRAHAM By Dr. Bob Utley, retired professor of hermeneutics (biblical interpretation)TABLE OF CONTENTSB rief Explanations of the Technical Resources used in this CommentaryBrief Definitions of Hebrew Verbal Forms that Impact ExegesisAbbreviations Used in this CommentaryA Word from the Author: How Can this Commentary Help You?A Guide to Good BIBLE Reading: A Personal Search for Verifiable TruthThe Old Testament As HistoryOT Historiography Compared with Contemporary Near Eastern CulturesGenre and Interpretation: Old Testament NarrativeCommentary 1 INTRODUCTION TO OF THE Hebrew (MT) it is the first phrase of the book, and these are the words (names), which linksthe book of Exodus to Genesis, where the very same words appear in Gen.

4 46 the LXX translation it is ek odos which means a way out or a road out. the Latin Vulgate of Jerome it becomes exodus. is part of the first section of the Hebrew Canon called The Torah or teachings or Law. section is known as the Pentateuch (five scrolls) in the is sometimes called The Five Books of Moses in includes a continuous historical account by Moses, from creation through Moses life, Genesis GENRE The book of Exodus includes four literary narrative, Exodus 1-19; 24; , Exodus , Exodus for the Tabernacle, Exodus 25-31, and its construction, Exodus 35-40IV. Torah is one unified account. Exodus starts with the CONJUNCTION and.

5 See lengthydiscussion in Genesis online ( ). are several places in Exodus where it says that Moses wrote:1. Exod. 17:14 2. Exod. 24:4, 123. Exod. 34:27, 8:31 quotes Exodus 20:25 and attributes it to Moses. Jesus quotes Exod. 20:12,17 andattributes it to Moses, Mark 7 have been so impressed by a new book that presents the orality of the ANE culture. I think it willsolve many of the issues related to authorship and manuscript variants. It is by John H. Waltonand D. Brent Sandy, The Lost World of OF THE have been several scholarly opinions on the date of the I Kings 6:1, which says, 480 years from the Exodus to the building of Solomon sTemple (see Archer, Encyclopedia of BIBLE Difficulties, pp.)

6 191-198). s reign began in 970 This is figured by using the battle of Qarqar ( ) as a certain starting Temple was built in his fourth year (965 ), then the Exodus occurred about1445/6 . would make it occur in the 18th Egyptian Dynasty. Pharaoh of the oppression would be Thutmose III (1490-1436 ). Pharaoh of the Exodus would be Amenhotep II (1436-1407 ).(1) Some believe evidence from Jericho based on the fact that no diplomaticcorrespondence occurred between Jericho and Egypt during the reign ofAmenhotep III (1413-1377 ).(2) The Amarna texts record diplomatic correspondence written on ostraca about theHabiru over-running the land of Canaan in the reign of Amenhotep III.

7 Therefore,the Exodus would have occurred in the reign of Amenhotep II.(3) The period of the Judges is not long enough if the 13th century ( , 1290 ) isthe date of possible problems with these dates Septuagint (LXX) has 440 years not is possible that 480 years is representative of 12 generations of 40 years each,therefore, a figurative are 12 generations of priests from Aaron to Solomon (cf. I Chronicles 6), then 12from Solomon to the Second Temple. The Jews, like the Greeks, reckoned a generationas forty years. So, there is a 480 year period back and forward (symbolic use ofnumbers, cf. Bimson s Redating the Exodus and Conquest). are three other texts that mention 15:13,16 (cf.)

8 Acts 7:6), 400 years of 12:40-41 (cf. Gal. 3:17)(1) MT 430 years of sojourn in Egypt(2) LXX 215 years of sojourn in 11:26 300 years between Jephthah s day and the conquest (supports 1445 date) d. Acts 13:19, exodus, wanderings, and conquest 450 author of Kings used specific historical references and did not round numbers (EdwinThiele, A Chronology of the Hebrew Kings, pp. 83-85). tentative evidence from archaeology seems to point toward a date of 1290 , or the 19thEgyptian was able to visit his father and Pharaoh in the same day ( , Exod. 2:1-10). The firstnative Pharaoh who moved the capital of Egypt from Thebes back to the Nile Delta, to aplace called Avaris/Zoan/Tanis which was the old Hyksos capital, was Seti I (1309-1290).

9 He would be the Pharaoh of the seems to fit two pieces of information about the Hyksos reign of Egypt.(1) A stele has been found from the time of Rameses II that commemorates thefounding of Avaris four hundred years earlier (1700's by the Hyksos)(2) The prophecy of Genesis 15:13 speaks of a 400 year implies that Joseph s rise to power was under a Hyksos (Semitic) Pharaoh. Thenew Egyptian dynasty is referred to in Exod. 1:8 ( , now a new Pharaoh arose overEgypt ). Hyksos, an Egyptian word meaning rulers of foreign lands, were a group of non-Egyptian Semitic rulers. They controlled Egypt during the 15th and 16th Dynasties (1720-1570 ). Some want to relate them to Joseph s rise to power.

10 If we subtract the 430 yearsof Exod. 12:40 from 1720 , we get a date of about 1290 I s son was Rameses II (1290-1224). This name is mentioned as one of the store citiesbuilt by the Hebrew slaves, Exod. 1:11. Also this same district in Egypt near Goshen iscalled Rameses, Gen. 47:11. Avaris/Zoan/Tanis was known as House of Rameses from1300-1100 III was known as a great builder, as was Rameses II had 47 daughters living in separate has shown that most of the large walled cities of Canaan (Hazor, Debir,Lachish) were destroyed and rapidly rebuilt around 1250 In allowing for a 38 yearwilderness wandering period this fits a date of 1290 has found a reference to the Israelis being in southern Canaan on a memorialstele of Rameses successor Merneptah (1224-1214 [cf.)]