Transcription of 33 Gradient Appendix - RIT - People
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33 Gradient Appendix - RIT - People
142 Appendix VIII Ultracentrifugation Ultracentrifugation, the characterization of macromolecules by centrifugation at super high speeds, is a foundational technique that has greatly enhanced our understanding of molecular biology. The rate of settling or sedimentation of macromolecules under high centrifugal force is a function of their size and shape. A macromolecule studied in this manner is usually characterized according to its S value (sedimentation coefficient), named after Theodor Svedberg, a Swedish chemist who received the Nobel Prize for his work on colloids and his invention of the ultracentrifuge. The relationship between rate of sedimentation and centrifugal force is: S = velocity/centrifugal force where centrifugal force is r x 2 r = radial distance from the axis of rotation and = angular velocity in radians per second. Units of S are given as seconds, and 1S = 10-13 sec. Thus a molecule with an S value of 30S will travel 30 micrometers per second (30 x 106 m/s) under a centrifugal force of one million gravities.
Appendix VII 144 Zonal Sedimentation Zonal gradients separate DNA according to size. Gradients, typically sucrose, are preformed by setting up a mixing chamber that has high and low concentration sucrose solutions in each of two chambers.
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