Power Factor Improvement

101 IntrIntrIntrIntrIntroductionoductionoduc tionoductionoductionThe electrical energy is almost exclusivelygenerated, transmitted and distributed inthe form of alternating current. Therefore,the question of Power Factor immediately comesinto picture. Most of the loads ( inductionmotors, arc lamps) are inductive in nature andhence have low lagging Power Factor . The lowpower Factor is highly undesirable as it causes anincrease in current, resulting in additional lossesof active Power in all the elements of Power sys-tem from Power station generator down to theutilisation devices. In order to ensure mostfavourable conditions for a supply system fromengineering and economical standpoint, it is im-portant to have Power Factor as close to unity aspossible. In this chapter, we shall discuss thevarious methods of Power Factor FactorPower FactorPower FactorPower FactorPower FactorThe cosine of angle between voltage and currentin an circuit is known as Power an circuit, there is generally a phasedifference between voltage and current.

(i) It is a usual practice to attach the word ‘lagging’ or ‘leading’ with the numerical value of power factor to signify whether the current lags or leads the voltage. Thus if the circuit has a p.f. of 0·5 and the current lags the voltage, we generally write p.f. as 0·5 lagging. (ii) Sometimes power factor is expressed as a percentage.

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