Transcription of SEMICONDUCTOR AND SIMPLE CIRCUITSnot to be …
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SEMICONDUCTOR AND SIMPLE CIRCUITSnot to be …
INTRODUCTIOND evices in which a controlled flow of electrons can be obtained are thebasic building blocks of all the electronic circuits. Before the discovery oftransistor in 1948, such devices were mostly vacuum tubes (also calledvalves) like the vacuum diode which has two electrodes, viz., anode (oftencalled plate) and cathode; triode which has three electrodes cathode,plate and grid; tetrode and pentode (respectively with 4 and 5 electrodes).In a vacuum tube, the electrons are supplied by a heated cathode andthe controlled flow of these electrons in vacuum is obtained by varyingthe voltage between its different electrodes. Vacuum is required in theinter-electrode space; otherwise the moving electrons may lose theirenergy on collision with the air molecules in their path. In these devicesthe electrons can flow only from the cathode to the anode ( , only in onedirection).
469 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits semiconductors. However , after 1990, a few semiconductor devices using organic semiconductors and semiconducting polymers have …
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