thermodynamics 2: applications - USTC
590 17 STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS 2: APPLICATIONS (a) The Helmholtz energy The Helmholtz energy, A, is defined as A =U −TS.This relation implies that A(0) = U(0), so substitution for U and S by using eqn 17.1 leads to the very simple expression A −A(0) =−kT ln Q (17.2) (b) The pressure By an argument like that leading to eqn 3.31, it follows from A = U − TS …
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