Ethylhexylglycerin Tips, Tricks and Things to Think …

1 1 | Titel der Pr sentation | Sch lke & Mayr GmbH | Seite 1 Ethylhexylglycerin tips , Tricks and Things to Think About Linda B. Sedlewicz Country Manager sch lke inc. PCPC Microbiology Workshop October 24, 2013 Date | Title | sch lke inc. Ethylhexylglycerin C 4 H 9 C H C H 2 C 2 H 5 O C H 2 C H C H 2 O H O H hydrophilic hydrophobic Formulation Factors: surfactant structure surface tension HLB Aesthetic Factors: hydrophilic/glycerin structure skin-feel fragrance-fixing 2 | Titel der Pr sentation | Sch lke & Mayr GmbH | Seite 3 Formulation Factors Date | Title | sch lke inc. Surface tension Contact angles of aqueous solutions drop 1: demineralized water drop 2: dm water + % phenoxyethanol / Ethylhexylglycerin drop 3: dm water + % phenoxyethanol drop 4: dm water + % Ethylhexylglycerin Theory Ethylhexylglycerin reduces interfacial tension on cell wall of organisms 3 Date | Title | sch lke inc.

2 MIC Values (ppm) of Sensiva SC 50 MIC 050010001500200025003000 Aspergillus nigerCandida albicansPseud. funiculosumProteus mirabilisPseud. aeruginosaEscherischia coliStaph. aureusA. brasiliensis > 2500 > 2500 > 2500 MIC-values [ppm] Ethylhexylglycerin Staph. aureus Escherichia coli Pseud. aeruginosa Proteus mirabilis P. funiculosum Candida albicans Date | Title | sch lke inc. 10% Alcohol in water 10% Alcohol + 1% Ethylhexylglycerin in water Improved Efficacy of Alcohols 5 Test organism: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, contact time: 1 min 1% Ethylhexylglycerin in water(*) ,2 Propylene GlycolDipropylene GlycolTriethylene 5 5 5 5 4 3 Reduction factor [log steps] (*) suspension Synergy 4 Date | Title | sch lke inc.

3 Synergy Germ count reduction in tap water Pseudomonas aeruginosa Date | Title | sch lke inc. Synergy Germ count reduction in tap water Aspergillus brasiliensis 5 | Titel der Pr sentation | Sch lke & Mayr GmbH | Seite 9 Formulation Date | Title | sch lke inc. Emulsifier HLB (Hydrophilic-lipophilic-balance) ratio between hydrophilic and lipophilic part in an emulsifier HLB: 3 6 W/O emulsifier HLB: 8 18 O/W emulsifier Bancroft rule the phase in which an emulsifier is more soluble constitutes the continuous (outer) phase Hydrophilic part Lipophilic part HLB effects 6 Date | Title | sch lke inc. Effect of Ethylhexylglycerin on stability Surfactant-like molecular structure may influence stability and/or viscosity HLB value of approximately is between the typical HLB values of emulsifier systems.

4 This can cause a shift toward the opposite emulsion type and potentially destabilize some formulations When to incorporate Ethylhexylglycerin Usually, stability of emulsions is not influenced by the method of incorporating Ethylhexylglycerin can be added to the oil phase, to the water phase or after emulsification Occasionally, order of addition might effect stability of emulsion emulsions stabilized by liquid crystals order of addition is critical HLB effects Date | Title | sch lke inc. HLB effects O/W Lotion O/W emulsion I O/W emulsion II INCI % w/w PHASE A Ceteareth-12 Ceteareth-20 Glyceryl stearate Cetearyl alcohol Isopropyl palmitate Isononyl isononanoate C 12-15 Alkyl benzoate Ethylhexylglycerin PHASE B Aqua Glycerin Xanthan gum INCI % w/w PHASE A Ceteareth-12 Ceteareth-20 Glyceryl stearate Cetearyl alcohol Isopropyl palmitate Isononyl isononanoate C 12-15 alkyl benzoate Ceterayl alcohol, sodium cetearyl sulfate PHASE B Aqua Glycerin Xanthan gum PHASE C Ethylhexylglycerin 7 Date | Title | sch lke inc.

5 Solutions to restore stability of O/W emulsions Increase the HLB of the emulsifier system by: changing the ratio of emulsifiers changing the emulsifier system Increase the amount of main emulsifier Ethylhexylglycerin affects the emulsion interface. By increasing the amount of main emulsifier the interface will be strengthened. Addition of a polymeric emulsifier ( inulin lauryl carbamate) polymeric emulsifiers are quite HLB independent. The decrease in HLB caused by Ethylhexylglycerin will not destabilize the emulsion polymeric emulsifiers prevent the agglomeration of the dispersed phase by steric shielding HLB effects Date | Title | sch lke inc.

6 Solutions to restore stability of O/W emulsions Addition of an anionic co-emulsifier ( sodium stearoyl lactylate, sodium cetearyl sulfate) anionic co-emulsifiers are located at the interface along with other emulsifiers used in the formulation. Due to their anionic charge the approach and coalescence of oil droplets within the emulsion is hindered. additionally they build up structures within the emulsion and can help to increase the viscosity they can only be used in the absence of cationic ingredients Substitution of polar oils by vegetable oils Ethylhexylglycerin has less effect on emulsions with high contents of vegetable oil HLB effects 8 Date | Title | sch lke inc.

7 HLB effects Cold-processed W/O lotion W/O emulsion I W/O emulsion II INCI % w/w PHASE A PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil Polyglyceryl-3-diisostearate Zinc stearate Hexyl laurate Cetearyl isononanoate Dicaprylylether Hexyldecanol Ethylhexylglycerin PHASE B Water Glycerin Magnesium sulfate INCI % w/w PHASE A PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate Zinc stearate Hexyl laurate Cetearyl isononanoate Dicaprylylether Hexyldecanol Ethylhexylglycerin PHASE B Water Glycerin Magnesium sulfate Date | Title | sch lke inc. Solutions to restore stability of W/O emulsions Decrease the HLB of the emulsifier system by: changing the ratio of emulsifiers changing the emulsifier system Increase the amount of main emulsifier Ethylhexylglycerin affects the emulsion interface.

8 By increasing the amount of main emulsifier the interface will be strengthened Increase the amount of salt Ethylhexylglycerin increases the solubility/dispersability of the emulsifier in water. By increasing the salt, the solubility of the emulsifier in water is decreased Addition of a polymeric emulsifier ( PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate) polymeric emulsifiers are quite HLB independent. The increase in HLB caused by Ethylhexylglycerin will not destabilize the emulsion HLB effects 9 Date | Title | sch lke inc. Solutions to restore viscosity of W/O emulsions Optimize homogenization. A too high speed or too long homogenization can destabilize W/O emulsions.

9 Ethylhexylglycerin stabilizes meta-stable small droplets, which can affect the viscosity HLB effects Date | Title | sch lke inc. Summary Higher concentrations of Ethylhexylglycerin may negatively influence the stability of emulsions Stable emulsions can be achieved by changing the manufacturing system increasing or modifying the emulsifier system adjusting viscosity adjusting the HLB value adding consistency agents HLB effects 10 Date | Title | sch lke inc. Formulating High Oil Phase Systems O/W Sun Lotion SPF 30 INCI NameFunction%PHASE cellulose, cellulose gumThickening gumThickening dicarboxymethyl glutamate (38% aq)Chelating cetyl BC12-15 alkyl benzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, PPG-15 stearyl ether methoxyphenyl triazine (BEMT)UVA/UVB methoxycinnamate (Octinoxate)UVB methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone)UVA PVPFilm former, water-resistance dioxide (95%), trimethoxycaprylylsilaneUVA/UVB DEthylhexylglycerinSkin care / multifunctional | Title | sch lke inc.

10 Formulating High Oil Phase Systems 0123456 Unpreserved-+++ M+++ + phenoxyethanol/ Ethylhexylglycerin blend-++ M+ M+ M+ M+ M+ M+ phenoxyethanol/ Ethylhexylglycerin blend + Ethylhexylglycerin -------Inoculation Cycles O/W Sun Lotion SPF 30 11 Date | Title | sch lke inc. Formulating High Ethoxylate Rinse-off Gentle Skinfeel Foam INCI NameFunction%PHASE ASodium laureth cocoyl apple amino acidsFruit BLactic | Title | sch lke inc. Formulating High Ethoxylate Rinse-off Gentle Skinfeel Foam 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Unpreserved +++ B +++ B,M,Y + phenoxyethanol/ Ethylhexylglycerin blend ++ B ++ B +++ B + CMI/MI blend - - - - - - - + phenoxyethanol/ paraben blend + B + B + B ++ B ++ B ++ B + diazolidinyl urea/ organic acid blend - - - - - - - Inoculation Cycles.