IPCC’s Guidelines and Tools for the National GHG Inventory

1 IPCC s Guidelines and Tools forthe National GHG InventoryUnited Nations Statistical CommissionTowards the Global Set of Climate Change Statistics and Indicators -Virtual event19 February 2021 IPCC TFI TSUIPCC PlenaryIPCC BureauIPCC Executive CommitteeIPCC Secretariat(in Geneva, Switzerland)WorkingGroup IThe Physical Science BasisTSU(France/China)WorkingGroup IIClimate ChangeImpacts, Adaptation and VulnerabilityTSU(Germany/SouthAfrica)Wor kingGroup IIIM itigationof Climate ChangeTSU(UK/India)Task ForceonNational GreenhouseGasInventories(TFI)TSU(Japan)A uthors, Contributors, ReviewersDevelop and refine the internationally-agreed methodology to estimate GHG emissions and removals at National levelEncourage the widespread use of thisWhat are National GHG Inventories? Time series of National statistics of all emissions and removals of greenhouse gases (GHG) from given sources and sinks ( GHG Inventory categories) from a defined territory in a specific period of time associated with human activities.

2 National statistics: Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases fluxes, Occurring within a year, in a series across years Across the entire National TerritoryWhy do we need Inventory Guidelines ? Any international agreement to limit climate change must set emission limits/targets/goals and monitor progress in an open and transparent way Currently,most emissions/removals can only be estimated at National scale, not measured, and so consensus on the best way of doing this is needed To do this we need reliable, generally accepted methods and guidelines7 IPCC Guidelines and supporting tools1995 IPCCG uidelinesRevised 1996 IPCC GuidelinesGPG2000 GPG-LULUCF2006 IPCC GuidelinesWetlands SupplementKP SupplementLaunched in 2008 FAQ websiteINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGENATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMMEWMOUNEPEFDB 2006 IPCCE mission Factor DatabaseFor the latest version see by the Technical Support Unit of the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2006 INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGENATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMMEWMOWMOUNEPUNEPEFDB 2006 IPCCE mission Factor DatabaseFor the latest version see by the Technical Support Unit of the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme.

3 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2006 Emission Factor Database (EFDB)Launched in 2002 IPCC Inventory SoftwareLaunched in 20122019 RefinementIPCC Guidelines and Paris AgreementSource: IISD/ENB KatowiceClimatePackage ,December2018. EachPartyshallusethe2006 IPCCG uidelines,andshalluseanysubsequentversio norrefinementoftheIPCC guidelinesagreeduponbytheConferenceofthe PartiesservingasthemeetingofthePartiesto theParisAgreement(CMA).Infer emissions based on parameters (EF) associated with activities (AD). For example: Amount of fuel burnt (AD) Carbon content in fuel determines the amount of CO2emitted from a unit of fuel burnt (EF) CO2proportional to amount of fuel burnt (E)Where: E = Emission; AD = Activity Data; EF = Emission Factor95% CI of AD, EF, and Estimates is to be calculatedHow?EGHG= AD x EFGHG In establishing routine, formalised, data collection use should be made of existing statistical ( , waste statistics for the estimation of methane emissions) It is good practiceto engage data suppliersin the process of Inventory compilation and improvement by involving in activities as.

4 Scientific or statistical workshops on the Inventory inputs and outputs CensusvsSurvey/Sampling Accuracy&Precision Uncertainty Analysis Uncertainty in the mean vs Uncertainty in the individual Standard error vs Standard deviationData CollectionFocus on Fuel Combustion activitiesFuel Combustion Activity Data [Gg (TJ)] Foreachsourcecategory,fuelconsumption/sa lesoffuel: LIQUIDFOSSILFUELS(Crudeoilandpetroleumpr oducts) SOLIDFOSSILFUELS(Coalandcoalproducts) GASFOSSILFUELS(NaturalGas) OTHERFOSSILFUELS( ) PEAT(CO2addstotheEnergysectortotal) BIOMASS(bioliquid,biosolidandbiogasfuels ,wastebio-fraction;CO2doesNOTaddtotheEne rgysectortotal) Instatisticsdataonfuelsconsumption/salea reinphysicalunits, Combustion Net Calorific Value [TJ/Gg] ToconvertADtoenergyunitsrequirescalorifi cvalues. IPCCG uidelinesusethenetcalorificvalues(NCVs), expressedinSIunits. Somestatisticalofficesusegrosscalorificv alues(GCVs).ThedifferencebetweenNCVandGC Visthelatentheatofvaporisationofthewater producedduringfuelcombustion.

5 Combustion EF [kg/TJ] Defaultassumptionisthatallcarboncontaine dinthefuelisoxidisedtoCO2(thisinpractice includestheindirectCO2emissionscausedbyt hesubsequentoxidationinatmosphereofnon-C O2carbonemissions).Thus, CO2 EFsarebasedontheC-contentofthefossilfuel Sinceindependentofcombustiontechnology,s amefuel-specificdefaultCO2 EFisapplicabletoallcombustionprocesses CH4andN2 Oemissionsarestronglydependentonthetechn ologyappliedinbothstationaryandmobilecom bustions,thusEFsvaryaccordingly TheReferenceApproachisbasedontheprincipl eofmassconservation,anditisusedforCO2onl y. Cbroughtintoanationaleconomyintheformofa fuel,itiseitherreleasedintotheatmosphere asGHG,oritisdiverted( ,increasedfuelstocks,feedstocks,storedin products,leftunutilisedinash)anddoesnote ntertheatmosphere. Itisgoodpracticetoapplybothasectoralappr oachandthereferenceapproachtoestimateaco untry ,NCVs,carboncontent,excludedcarboncalcul ation,etc2006 IPCC Guidelines : Reference ApproachEnergy Balance CO2 EstimationReference Approach (QC)E= allfuels[(ApparentConsumptionfuel-Exclud edCarbonfuel)x COFfuel]x44/12 ApparentConsumption=Production(primary fuels) + Imports Exports -International bunkers Stock change (in CC) ExcludedCarbon= CC in feedstocksand non-energy use excluded from combustion COF = C oxidised fraction.

6 By default = 1 (complete oxidation). Lower values used to count for C retained indefinitely in ash or soot CC = Carbon ContentExcluded Carbon/Non-Energy Use of FuelsUS Carbon Flow 2018 Note: Tracking Carbon in Fuel (!!)Source: US NIR 2019 Various Tools Supporting Materials Emission Factor Database (EFDB) IPCC Inventory Software Primer for 2006 IPCC Guidelines Reports of Expert Meetings Frequently Asked Libraryofemissionfactorsandotherparamete rs(withbackgrounddocumentationandtechnic alreferences)thatcanbeusedforestimationo fGHGemissionsandremovalsinInventories Datacollected: DefaultvaluesfromIPCCG uidelines Datafrompeer-reviewedpapers Datafromotherpublications( ,nationalreports) Board (EB)Accepted DataData ProviderDataTSU Initial check of data proposals Collection of new data and data proposals Data MeetingDataDataWebapplicationSearch options ( Basic search)Specify gas, type of parameters of searchResults can be exported in ExcelTo narrow down search resultsDetails of Inventory SoftwareWorksheets for data entryData Managers: Land Types and LivestockAdministration functions: Country, Users, YearsQA/QC.

7 Uncertainty analysis, KCA, ReferenceApproachData Export and ImportData ArchiveContains default Quality & Data GapsDataquality(chapter2 Volume1 IPCCG uidelines)istobecheckedas:-Completeness( territory,population,calendaryear)-Uncer tainty( ,PDF sshape)-Methodfordatacollection-Timeseri escompletenessandconsistencyDataavailabi litygapsareidentifiedas Entiretimeseriesmissing: designinganewdatacollectionsystem asinterimexpertjudgmentisallowed Datamissinginthetimeseries(chapter5 Volume1 IPCCG uidelines): Splicingtechniquesas:overlap,surrogateda ta,interpolation/extrapolationConclusion s Qualityandcompletenessoftheinventoriesde pendontheunderlyingactivitydataproducedp rimarilybynationalstatisticaloffices,asw ellasotherrelevantinstitutions,including thenationalclimatereportingauthoritiesto theUNFCCC. Closeworkingarrangementswithexistingsyst emswillmakebestuseofnationalexpertise,mi nimizeduplication,andincreaseefficiency. Itisimportanttoengagebothdataproducersan dusersatanearlystagetoensureclearunderst andingandassessmentofthequalityofdatacol lectedaswellasoftheavailabilityofdatanee ded.

8 IsyourNationalGHGI nventorypartoftheNationalstatisticalSyst em? Isyournationalstatisticalofficeworkingin cooperationwithyourNationalGHGI nventoryinassessingitsdataneeds? Isyournationalstatisticalsystemintegrati ngemergingdataneedsforestimatingGHGemiss ionsandremovalsfromhumanactivities?(newv ariablestobemonitored/changesinthedataco llectionprocedureforrelevantvariables)Th ank