Bridge and Structures Design Manual

1 State of Georgia Department of Transportation Bridge and Structures Design Manual Bridge and Structures Design Manual 8/10/2018. Revision Atlanta, Georgia 30308. Disclaimer This Manual is intended to be an aid to designers working on projects for the Georgia Department of Transportation. It is not to be used as a substitute for sound engineering practice and will be used at one's own risk. The Georgia Department of Transportation and the authors of this document are not responsible for the consequences of the use and misuse of the contents of this document. The latest version of this document is available at: Other helpful links: GDOT Bridge Design Home Page: GDOT Bridge Design Software: #tab-3.

2 GDOT Bridge Microstation Customization: #tab-2. GDOT Bridge Design Basic Drawings: #tab-1. Please send constructive comments to the Bridge Design LRFD Committee care of Stanley Kim: Acknowledgement The original Bridge and Structures Design Manual was created through the public-private partnership of the Georgia Department of Transportation and the Consulting Engineering Companies of Georgia. This document was modified from the original Design Manual for inclusion of LRFD material and general content by Georgia Department of Transportation personnel. The following people have donated their time and resources to contribute to the quality of transportation engineering in Georgia: LRFD Design Committee Y.

3 Stanley Kim, PhD, GDOT. Douglas D. Franks, GDOT. Steven K. Gaston, GDOT. Donn P. Digamon, GDOT. Design Committee for Original Document Paul V. Liles, Jr., GDOT. Ted Cashin, GDOT. Al Bowman, The LPA Group Incorporated John Heath, Heath and Lineback Engineers Greg Grant, Wolverton and Associates Contributing Authors to Original Document Bob Mustin, GDOT. John Tiernan, GDOT. John Durand, Parsons Brinckerhoff Page i Intentionally Left Blank Page ii Bridge and Structures Design Manual Revision Summary Revision Number Revision Date Revision Summary LRFD Bridge Manual Original 7/8/13 Original Release Date 10/1/13 Section - Removed after all necessary grinding from 8 overhang thickness; Removed (LRFD ) from 8 overhang thickness Section - Changed LRFD reference from Table 4A-1 to Table A4-1.

4 Section - Modified tower bent placement directive; Added pile fixity assumption Section - Removed Commentary 6/2/14 Section - Updated LRFD Specification to 6th edition, 2012; updated Georgia Standard Specification to 2013; defined all bridges as typical . Section - Allowed Standard Specification widening of Existing Standard Specification bridges Section - Changed office responsible for Survey Manual Section - Added LRFD software submittal requirements for consultants Section - New section added - Set minimum beam requirement for bridges with vehicular traffic Section - Added reference to online slab Design program Section - Changed placement and spacing of temperature steel in top mat of deck Section - Clarified urban area locations Section - Edited height of fence Section - New section added limiting coping thickness to 6

5 Section - Check clearance between cap and PSC beam when plain pads are used Section - Added new section - Directive to minimize number of pad designs for Bridge Section - Specified use of kips in lieu of tons or pounds for foundations Section , , - Added maximum factored resistances and stresses for all pile types Section - Restricted use of spirals in caisson; limited ties to maximum size of #6; Stated seismic detailing at fixity is not required in caissons Section - Added limits for depth to width Page iii Bridge and Structures Design Manual ratio of intermediate caps; Changed cap width increment to 3.

6 Section - Modified longitudinal rebar in riser of intermediate bents to # 5. Section - Removed railroad from vehicular collision consideration Bridge Design Manual Original 1/26/15 General - Incorporated Standard Specification guidance from GDOT Bridge and Structures Design Manual into LRFD Bridge Manual to produce a consolidated Manual Section - Added requirement to submit Design calculations in PDF format Section - Added guidance for when a deck section is required on preliminary layouts Section - Removed direction about railroad shoring review Section - Added reference to Section - Revised requirement for epoxy reinforcement Section - Removed

7 Requirement for grooving under medians Section - Modified description of new curved fence detail Section - Clarified directive for the use of handrail or fence on parapets Section - Removed restriction on use of diameter strands Section - Limited coping thickness to be used for composite properties Section , - Limited beam spacing to 9'-0 . Section - Added the use of weathering steel . Section - Added provisions for use of steel diaphragms for concrete beams Section - Revised Drainage Manual reference Section - Modified Factored Axial Load . note Section - Clarified directive on use of 50 ksi H-piles versus 36 ksi H-piles Section - Removed 12 PSC piles from Table Section - Added 20 and 24 metal shell piles to Table Page iv Bridge and Structures Design Manual Section - Added 5 clear spacing as minimum for stirrups and vertical bars in caissons Section - Modified wingwall length requirement Section - Increased minimum stirrup spacing to 5.

8 Section - Added 4 minimum stirrup spacing requirement for columns Section - Revised Table to change modular Walls to modular Block Walls Section - Limited modular Block Wall Design height to 20 feet Section - Modified when Bridge plans require a revision mark Section - Added direction about railroad shoring review Section - Added directive to include Seismic Zone and SD1 on General Notes sheet 5/5/15 Section - Updated LRFD Specification to 7th Edition, 2014. Section - Removed Guide Specification reference; contact Bridge Office for guidance Section - Added for vertical clearances to be satisfied for travelway Section - Added that draped strands shall not be placed in the top 8 of beam Section - Added guidance in reference to information needed in Bridge plans for field measurement of driving resistance for piles for LRFD projects.

9 Section , - Added guidance that need not apply to side faces of bent caps less than or equal to 2 foot high. 7/31/15 Reformatted Manual to standard template 1/25/16 Section Added restriction for modifying title block Section expanded/clarified guidance for consultant QA/QC. Section - Added guidance for re-request for Bridge condition surveys Section - clarified span limit for pile bents for AASHTO PSC beams only Section - Added reference to beam length limits Section - changed title and added 1 . difference limit for overhang Section - Added section for beam length Page v Bridge and Structures Design Manual guidance Section Changed to include new precast beam types Section - Added steel orientation guidance Section - Added steel orientation guidance Appendix 3B Changed beam charts for new beam length limits Section Waived LRFD for bottom of caps Section Added 6 minimum stirrup spacing Section Waived LRFD for bottom of caps Section (g) revised coping names to match pay items Fig.

10 Revised to show sloping paving Fig. 9B-1 Revised to show cross-ties for plastic hinge regions 10/26/16 Chapter 2 -Modified temporary vertical clearance for falsework Chapter 3 - Set maximum 28-day concrete strength for PSC beams to ksi. Removed with Bridge Office Approval clause. Rewrote top strand pull force guidance for clarity Chapter 4 - Added guidance to place top mat of steel in all spread footings. Added guidance to place top mat of steel in seismic pile footings Chapter 8 - Defined lap splice requirements for welded wire fabric 7/11/17 Section Added guidance for application of truck-train loading Section Updated sq.