Chapter 1 Introduction - een.ctu.edu.tw

1 LED . LED LED LED LED LED MR16 LED . LED LED . LED LED LED LED . LED LED AC-DC Converters LED LED . LED LED LED LED : ( ) : / (High-intensity Discharge Lamps;HID) LED ( ..) LED Light Emitting Diode LED ( III-V ) LED LED LED LED 50 lm/W Nichia( ) 2006 100 lm/W LED 199 lm/W LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED 40 LCD 70 LED LCD TV180W LED LED LED LED (66 10 )LED LED 2009 ( LED ) ( ).

2 LED LED ( IEK 2010/03) LED LED LED LED LED LED LED 10 , , LED LED 1. V-I 2. (VF), (Rd)3. ( )4. LED LED LED , LED , , , 20mA, LED , , LED , LED , LED , LED , LED (Constant Current) LED LED 1. (Constant Voltage; ) ( )2. (Constant Current; ) LED , , LED : , , ModeLED LED , LED ( ) (Dimming) .. ModeLED LED 1. (Linear Regulator) ( ), EX: 78XX,79XX,LM317.

3 2. ( ) (Switching Regulator) ( ), ( PWM ) LED DC/DC StageLED LED 1. (Non-isolated) ( ) ( ) ( - ) (Buck Converter) (Boost Converter) (Buck-Boost Converter) (Cuk Converter)Sepic Converter Zeta Converter(Note: )2. (Non-isolated) ( ; AC-DC Converters) (Flyback Converter) (Forward Converter) (Push-Pull Converter) (Half-Bridge Converter) (Full-Bridge Converter)Note: !LED LED (1)LDQCoRLVinLDQCoRLVinLDQCoRLVinTrVinDC oRLQTrVinD1 CoRLQD2 LoD3 (Buck Converter) (Boost Converter) (Buck-Boost Converter) (Flyback Converter) (Forward Converter)LED LLC (LLC Resonant Converter)TrVinD1 CoRLQ2D2 LoQ1 LmLrCr LED (2)TrVinD1 CoRLQ2D2Q1 LmLrCrTrVinD1 CoRLQ1D2 LoQ2C1C2 (Asymmetrical) (Active Clamp) ( )( )LLC Converter :LED , PC ,LCD TV.

4 (Half-Bridge Converter)LED LED : ( ): (Buck Converter) (Boost Converter) (Buck-Boost Converter) (Flyback Converter) ( ~ ): (Flyback Converter) (Forward Converter) ( ~ ): (Forward Converter) (Push-Pull Converter) (Half-Bridge Converter) (Full-Bridge Converter)Note: ( LED ) LLC (LLC Resonant Converter) (Asymmetrical) (Active Clamp) LED LED Note: !( )*100%/ !( ) (RoHs): ( )(the Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment ) Underwriter Laboratories Inc;UL. CSA: CE LED 1. (Passive) : , : ( )2. (Active) : Boost Topology.

5 ( 1)LED VinR1 + -R2 RNLED 1 LED 2 LED NVi nR1 + -LED 1 LED 2 LED NVin + -R1 LED 11 LED 12 LED 1NR1 LED 21 LED 22 LED 2NR1 LED M1 LED M2 LED MN LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED PWM ( )DCLRLQVs+E/AVrefCompVgOSC+-+-Compensati on NetworkCompensation NetworkVeaVswR1R2 Driver-Vo+-PWM Voltage Mode ControlV-LED VswitchVcontrolttVgVswitchVcontrolttVg Vcontrol Duty Cycle Vcontrol Duty Cycle VrefkVo+-Comp+-orVcontrolVgE/ASawtooth WaveformInductor currentDCLRLQVs+E/AVrefCompVgOSC+-+-Comp ensation NetworkCompensation NetworkVeaVswR1R2 Driver-Vo+-PWM Voltage Mode ControlV-LED VswVeattVG PWM Duty Cycle VrefkVo+-Comp+-orVcontrolVgE/ASawtooth WaveformInductor currentDCLRLQVs+E/AVrefCompVgOSC+-+-Comp ensation NetworkCompensation NetworkVeaVswR1R2 Driver-Vo+-PWM Voltage Mode ControlV-LED Voltage Mode TL494(ON Semiconductor, SGS-Thompson, Ti-Unitrode.)

6 KA7500(the same as TL494, Fairchild Semiconductor)SG3524,SG3525,.. Current Mode UC384X(,Ti-Unitrode, ON Semiconductor, ) LED 1. ( )2. ( )3. 4. 277 Vac ( )5. (TRIAC) Note: ( ) , LED : LED LED 100 LED LED 70% LED LED LED LED (Junction Temperature) ( ) LED , LED 1. (Chip level)LED 20 30 (LED , ) LED 2.

7 (Package level) LED LED LED LED 1. 2. 1 (L) (S) 2 3 3. / 4. / 5. 6. 7. 8. LED 3. (Heat spreading level) ( ) LED 4. (Thermal module level)LED CPU LED LED LED LED LED LED ( ) 3 1. 1 (FR4)2. 1 3. LED LED (1) LED 2007 LED 17 LED 2008 12 4 CNS 4 2009 1 22 CNS LED 30 LED LED LED LED 2009 LED AC LED AC LED AC LED LED LED AC LED AC LED AC LED AC LED 2015 25 AC LED LED (2)

8 LED Commission Internationale de l Eclairage, CIE ISO IEC LED LED LED LED 2010 3 24 (CIE-Taiwan) (CIE) LED LED LED LED LED (AC IEC (immunity)IEC61000-4-11 (CE ) ( , )(Voltage Dips, Short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests) 16A IEC61000-4-13 ( ) IEC61000-4-14 IEC61000-4-28 LED IEC (Immunity) :1.)

9 Class A : 2. Class B : , 3. Class C : , , 4. Class D : , .Note: ( )Class A> Class B> Class C > Class D LED LED 1. 2. , ( ), < (Power Factor), > , > IEC 61000-3-2: Limits for harmonic current emissions(equipment input current 16 A per phase) Class C. : >25W 1. 15 2. , 3. , , 5 LED 25W, 1. Class D , 2. a. 3 86%b. 5 61%c. 60 d. 65 90 .LED ? ( ) ( ) : / LED (Hipot test ; Withstanding test; Dielectric strength test) ? 1. 2. : inlet( ) output ( ) 3.

10 : IEC 60598-1-1,IEC , (No flashover or breakdown shall occur during the electric strength test.)LED (Grounding) (Ground Bond)LED : ! !