Chapter 21 Practice Questions

1 Chapter 21 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the ) In balancing the nuclear reaction 29392U 23490E + 42He, the identity of element E is _____ .A) ) ) ) ) )2)This reaction is an example of 20682Pb + _____A)alpha decayB)positron emissionC)gamma emissionD)beta emissionE)electron capture2)3)The missing product from this reaction is12153I 12152Te + _____A)0 1eB)00 C)42 HeD)10nE)01e3)4)This reaction is an example of 4119K + _____A)alpha decayB)beta decayC)positron decayD)gamma emissionE)electron capture4)5)The missing product in this reaction would be found in which group of the periodic table? 2411Na 0 1e + _____A)3AB)7AC)1AD)8AE)2A5)16)The missing product in this reaction combines with oxygen to form a compound with the formula 4219K 0 1e + _____A)MO2B)M2OC)M3O2D)MOE)M2O36)7)Radiu m undergoes alpha decay.

2 The product of this reaction also undergoes alpha decay. What isthe product of this second decay reaction _____ ?A)PoB)HgC)UD)RnE)Th7)8)What is the mass number of a neutron _____ ?A)1B)3C)2D)0E)48)9)Nuclei above the belt of stability can lower their neutron to proton ratio by_____A)gamma )positron )beta )electron )Any of the above processes will lower the neutron to proton )10)What is the largest number of protons that can exist in a nucleus and still be stable _____ ?A)83B)206C)92D)50E)8410)11)The three radioactive series that occur in nature end with what element _____ ?A)HgB)BiC)PoD)UE)Pb11)12)The largest number of stable nuclei have an _____ number of protons and an _____number of )odd, oddB)even, oddC)odd, evenD)even, equalE)even, even12)213)In the nuclear transmutation represented by 168O(p, ) 137N, the emitted particle is )a beta )a )an alpha )a )a )14)Bombardment of uranium 235 with a neutron generates tellurium 135, 3 neutrons, )krypton )strontium )zirconium )krypton )zirconium )15)The reaction shown below is responsible for creating 14C in the atmosphere.

3 What is thebombarding particle _____ ?147N + _____ 146C + 11HA)electronB)protonC)positronD)alpha particleE)neutron15)16)What order process is radioactive decay _____ ?A)zerothB)firstC)secondD)thirdE)fourth1 6)17)131I has a half life of days. Assuming you start with a mg sample of 131I, how many mgwill remain after days _____ ?A) ) ) ) ) )18)The decay of a radionuclide with a half life of 105 years has a rate constant (in yr 1) equal ) ) ) 10 ) 10 ) 10 )319)All atoms of a given element have the sameA)atomic )mass )number of )atomic )number of )20)Atoms containing radioactive nuclei are calledA) ) ) ) ) )21)What happens to the mass number and the atomic number of an element when it undergoes betadecay?A)The mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by )The mass number does not change and the atomic number decreases by )Neither the mass number nor the atomic number )The mass number increases by 2 and the atomic number increases by )The mass number does not change and the atomic number increases by )22)Which one of the following is a correct representation of a beta particle?

4 A)01eB)0 1eC)10 D)42eE)24 22)23)Which one of the following processes results in an increase in the atomic number?A)alpha emissionB)gamma emissionC)corrosionD)positron emissionE)beta emission23)424)Of the following processes, which one changes the atomic number?A)beta emissionB)positron emissionC)electron captureD)alpha emissionE)All of these processes change the atomic )25)Which type of radioactive decay results in no change in mass number and atomic number for thestarting nucleus?A)betaB)positron emissionC)alphaD)electron captureE)gamma25)26)Alpha decay produces a new nucleus whose _____ than those respectively of the )atomic number is 2 more and mass number is 4 moreB)atomic number is 2 less and mass number is 2 lessC)atomic number is 1 less and mass number is 2 lessD)atomic number is 2 less and mass number is 4 lessE)atomic number is 2 more and mass number is 2 less26)27)What is the missing product from this reaction?

5 3215P 3216S + _____A)01pB)0 1eC)00 D)01eE)42He27)28)What is the atomic number of a neutron _____ ?A)4B)2C)0D)1E)328)529)What happens to the mass number and the atomic number of an element when it emits gammaradiation?A)The mass number increases by four and the atomic number increases by )The mass number and atomic numbers remain )The mass number decreases by four and the atomic number decreases by )The mass number remains unchanged while the atomic number decreases by )The mass number remains unchanged while the atomic number increases by )30)Atoms with the same atomic number and different mass numbersA)are allotropesB)are resonance )do not )are )are )31)At approximately what number of protons, or neutrons, does the 1:1 ratio of protons to neutronsstart to produce unstable nuclei?A)10B)50C)30D)80E)2031)32)What is required for a nuclear transmutation to occur?

6 A)a corrosive environmentB)a particle to collide with a nucleusC)gamma emissionD)spontaneous nuclear decayE)very high temperature32)33)In the nuclear transmutation, 168O (p, )137N, what is the bombarding particle?A)a gamma photonB)a protonC)a beta particleD)an alpha particleE)a phosphorus nucleus33)634)Which one of the following can be done to shorten the half life of the radioactive decay ofuranium 238?A)heat itB)freeze itC)convert it to UF6D)oxidize it to the +2 oxidation stateE)none of the above34)35)The beta decay of cesium 137 has a half life of 30 years. How many years must pass to reduce a 25mg sample of cesium 137 to mg?A)32B) )52D)50E)4635)36)The half life for beta decay of strontium 90 is years. A milk sample is found to contain strontium 90. How many years would pass before the strontium 90 concentration woulddrop to ppm?

7 A) ) )186D) )13136)37)The basis for the carbon 14 dating method is thatA)carbon 14 is very unstable and is readily lost from the )living tissue will not absorb carbon 14 but will absorb carbon )the ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 in the atmosphere is a )the amount of carbon 14 in all objects is the )All of the above are )38)210Pb has a half life of years and decays to produce206Hg. If you start with g of210Pb,how many grams of206Hg will you have after years?A) ) ) ) ) )39)The half life of a radionuclideA)gets shorter with increased )is )gets longer with increased )gets shorter with passing )gets longer with passing )7 Answer KeyTestname: Chapter 21 Practice QUESTIONS1)C2)A3)E4)C5)E6)D7)A8)A9)C10)A 11)E12)E13)C14)E15)E16)B17)E18)C19)D20)A 21)E22)B23)E24)E25)E26)D27)B28)C29)B30)E 31)E32)B33)B34)E35)E36)B37)C38)B39)B8