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Chapter 9 Places - Census.gov

The Bureau of the Census defines a place as a concentration of population; a place may or may not have legally prescribed limits, powers, or concentration of population must have a name, be locally recognized, and not be part of any other place. A place either is legally incorporated under the laws of its respective State, or a statistical equivalent that the Census Bureau treats as a census desig-nated place (CDP). Each State enacts laws and regulations for establishingincorporated Places . The Census Bureau designates criteria of total popula-tion size, population density, and geographic configuration for delineatingCDPs. Not everyone resides in a place; in 1990, approximately 66 millionpeople (26 percent) in the United States lived outside of any place, either insmall settlements, in the open countryside, or in the densely settled fringe of large cities in areas that were built-up, but not identifiable as Places .

porated places. Only two other States (Connecticut and Pennsylvania) include boroughs as incorporated places, 11 States have only cities, and the remain-der of the States have various combinations of city, town, and village (see Table 9-1). The terms town and borough do not always refer to places. In the six New

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Transcription of Chapter 9 Places - Census.gov

1 The Bureau of the Census defines a place as a concentration of population; a place may or may not have legally prescribed limits, powers, or concentration of population must have a name, be locally recognized, and not be part of any other place. A place either is legally incorporated under the laws of its respective State, or a statistical equivalent that the Census Bureau treats as a census desig-nated place (CDP). Each State enacts laws and regulations for establishingincorporated Places . The Census Bureau designates criteria of total popula-tion size, population density, and geographic configuration for delineatingCDPs. Not everyone resides in a place; in 1990, approximately 66 millionpeople (26 percent) in the United States lived outside of any place, either insmall settlements, in the open countryside, or in the densely settled fringe of large cities in areas that were built-up, but not identifiable as Places .

2 The greater number of Places reported in the decennial censuses (19,289 out of a total of 23,435 in 1990) are incorporated. Most of these incorpo-rated Places have active governments; that is, they have either elected orappointed officials, usually raise revenue, and perform general-purpose local government functions. Incorporated Places that have inactivegov-ernments generally do not have officials or provide governmental services,but, like active Places , they do have legally established corporate limits, and may choose to reactivate at any time. The Census Bureau includes, in the decennial census, all active incorporated Places and inactive incor-porated Places for which it has certified corporate limits as of January 1 of the census year (the date used to tabulate the census results).

3 The Census Bureau recognized 4,146 CDPs for the 1990 decennial census. These entities, though containing nearly 30 million people, have no sepa-rate governments, although most of their residents receive governmentalservices from county, minor civil division (MCD), special regional or near-by municipal governments. CDPs usually physically resemble incorporatedPlaces 9-1 PlacesChapter 99-2 Placesplaces in that they contain a residential nucleus, have a closely spaced streetpattern and frequently have commercial or other urban types of land Census Bureau relies on the assistance of local census statistical areascommittees (CSACs), various State authorities, and other organizations toidentify potential CDPs and update existing ones. This Chapter containsseparate discussions of incorporated Places and census designated PlacesCharacteristics of Incorporated PlacesIncorporated Places are established under the authorization of the govern-ments in each of the 50 States.

4 Requirements for incorporation vary widelyamong the States; some States have few specific criteria, while others haveestablished population thresholds and occasionally other conditions (forexample, minimum land area, population density, and distance from otherexisting incorporated Places ) that must be met for incorporation (see Table9-1). The Census Bureau recognizes incorporated Places in all States exceptHawaii; for Hawaii, by agreement with the Office of the Governor, the Cen-sus Bureau recognizes all Places as CDPs rather than as incorporated Rico and several of the Outlying Areas under United States jurisdiction(Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau) also have no incorporatedplaces (for details, see Chapter 7, Puerto Rico and the Outlying Areas ).Different States recognize a variety of entities as incorporated Places .

5 Usu-ally, the designations city, town, village, and borough are most frequent; how-ever, one or more Places in Kentucky, Montana, Nevada, and Tennessee haveplace-type governments (usually consolidated ones) that do not fit any ofthese designations. New Jersey is the only State that has all four kinds of incor-porated Places . Only two other States ( connecticut and Pennsylvania) includeboroughs as incorporated Places , 11 States have only cities, and the remain-der of the States have various combinations of city, town, and village (seeTable 9-1).The terms town and borough do not always refer to Places . In the six NewEngland States, and in New York and Wisconsin, the term town refers to anMCD rather than a place. The MCDs in these States, while often functioningPlaces 9-3with all the powers of city governments, usually contain considerable ruralarea; other units of government perform the incorporated place Alaska, the term borough refers to territory governed as a county ratherthan as a place; in New York, the Census Bureau treats the five boroughsthat comprise New York city as 9-1.

6 State Requirements for Incorporated PlacesAlabamaCityMinimum population requirement of 2, population requirement of 300; territory located inJefferson County, or within 3 miles of an incorporated area,requires a population 1,000 to incorporate; territory inJefferson County and within 3 miles of an incorporated arearequires 10,000 people to minimum population requirement, but approval of AlaskaDepartment of Community Affairs is population requirement of 1, requirements as for a population requirement of have 20 qualified voters to of 500 registered voters to requirements as for a population requirement of 2, must be signed by 40 registered voters in countieswith < 25,000 people, and 150 registered voters in countieswith a population 25,000. Population density must be 50people per square is by special act of the State legislature; thereis no minimum population requirements as for a is by special act of the State legislature; thereis no minimum population requirement, except for home-rule cities, which require a minimum of 1,000 is by special act of the State legislature; thereis no minimum population requirements as for a of ColumbiaCityNo minimum population requirement; has a single incorpo-rated place covering its entire PlacesTable 9-1.

7 (cont.)FloridaCityIn counties with < 50,000 residents, at least 1,500 residents arerequired for incorporation; in other counties, at least 5,000 res-idents are required. Population density must be peopleper acre, except under extenuating requirements as for a requirements as for a population must 200, and population density must be 200 people per square requirements as for a has no incorporated Places , only CDPs; the Census ofGovernments counts the combined city and county of Hono-lulu as a municipality; other censuses recognize the Honolulujudicial district as a separate place within the minimum of 125 qualified voters to population requirement of 2,500; if located in CookCounty, may incorporate with a minimum of 1,200 residentsif the area consists of less than 4 square miles and contains allthe registered voters of a township not already within thecorporate limits of a minimum population requirementVillageIf counties with a population 150,000, a minimum of 2,500residents are required to incorporate.

8 A minimum of 200 resi-dents are required in other a town has a minimum of 2,000 inhabitants, it may hold areferendum on conversion to city petition signed by > 50 landowners is needed to minimum population requirement, but approval of theState City Development Board is population 300, or territory containing 300 platted lots,each served by water and sewer lines owned by a non-profitcorporation, and a petition signed by at least 50 registeredvoters are required for incorporation; there are no minimumpopulation requirements if the territory has been designated anational landmark by the population requirement of 9-5 Table 9-1. (cont.)LouisianaCityMinimum population requirement of 5, population requirement of 1, population requirement of is by special act of the State legislature; there isno minimum population population requirement of requirements as for a requirements as for a population requirement of 12, population requirement of 750, except home-rulecities, which require a minimum population of 2,000 and apopulation density 500 people per square population requirement of 250 and a minimum areaof 3/4 square mile, unless situated in the upper minimum population requirement, but approval of theMinnesota Municipal Board is population requirement of 2, population requirement of current Mississippi law, new villages may no longerbe incorporated.

9 Those that incorporated before this lawwas enacted needed a population > 100 and < 300 to main-tain their incorporated status (villages that fall below a pop-ulation of 100 are decertified by the State, reverting tounincorporated status).MissouriCityMinimum population requirement of minimum population minimum population requirement; a village, once incor-porated, may choose to become a city if it has a population population requirement of 1, population requirement of 300, and a populationdensity 500 people per square mile, unless the communitywas a town site owned and built by the Governmentprior to April 3, population requirement of population requirement of PlacesTable 9-1. (cont.)NevadaCityMinimum requirement of 250 voters; minimum populationdensity requirement of 4 people per acre if the city is with-in 7 miles of a county seat, or within 7 miles of another cityat least equal to the density of the proposed city; otherwise,there are no density requirements.

10 These requirements donot apply to special charter requirements as for a HampshireCityIncorporation is by special act of the State legislature; thereis no minimum population JerseyCityIncorporation is by special act of the State legislature; thereis no minimum population requirements as for a requirements as for a requirements as for a MexicoCityMinimum population requirement of 150, and the populationdensity must be at least one person per acre, except in Hidal-go and Sierra counties where the density must be 1 personper 4 requirements as for a requirements as for a YorkCityIncorporation is by special act of the State legislature; thereis no minimum population population requirement of 500 and must have apopulation density of 100 people per square CarolinaCityIncorporation is by special act of the State legislature; thereis no minimum population is by special act of the State legislature; there isno minimum population is by special act of the State legislature; thereis no minimum population DakotaCityNo minimum population requirement; the total territory of acity may not exceed 4 square miles and the population densitymust be 100 people per square population requirement of 25,000 for new cities.


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