Contribution of the Forestry Sector to National Economies ...

1 Contribution of the Forestry Sector to National Economies , 1990-2011 Forest Finance Working PaperFSFM/ACC/09 Photo credits:Cover top left: FAO/Steve Midgley; cover top right: FAO/Arvydas Lebedys; cover bottom left: ITTO/Jean-Christophe Claudon; cover bottom right: UNECE; Page 5: FAO/Masakazu Kashio; Page 7: FAO/Roberto Faidutti; Page 19: FAO/Patrick Durst; Page 43: FAO/Dimpal Pancholi; Page 47: FAO/Jeremy Broadhead; Page 49: FAO/Arvydas Lebedys. Contribution of the Forestry Sector to National Economies , 1990-2011 Arvydas LebedysForestry Officer (Statistics)Yanshu LiForestry Officer (Statistics)Forest Economics, Policy and Products DivisionForestry DepartmentFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2014 Forest Finance Working PaperFSFM/ACC/09 Recommended citation:FAO.

2 2014. Contribution of the Forestry Sector to National Economies , 1990-2011, by A. Lebedys and Y. Li. Forest Finance Working Paper FSFM/ACC/09. FAO, designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.

3 FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO s endorsement of users views, products or services is not implied in any requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via or addressed to information products are available on the FAO website ( ) and can be purchased through FuRtheR inFoRmation please contact:Mr. Arvydas Lebedys, Forestry Officer (Statistics)Forest Economics, Policy and Products DivisionE-mail: Yanshu Li, Forestry Officer (Statistics)Forest Economics, Policy and Products DivisionE-mail.

4 DepartmentFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsViale delle Terme di Caracalla00153 Rome, ItalyTable of Contentsiiitable oF contentsExECutivE SuMMAry 1iNtroduCtioN 6 Scope and objectives of the study 6 Limitations of the study 6 Structure of the report 7dAtA SourCES ANd MEthodoLogy 8 Terminology, definitions and measurement units 8 Definition of the Forestry Sector 8 Definition and measurement of employment, value-added and trade 11 Geographical regions 13data sources 14data coverage 14 Forestry Sector employment statistics 14 Statistics for value-added in the Forestry Sector 16 Methodology for checking and estimating missing data 17 ANALySiS oF trENdS ANd CurrENt StAtuS 20 Employment in the Forestry Sector 20trends in total employment 20 Trends in labour productivity 22 Trends in the Forestry Sector s Contribution to employment 24value-added in the Forestry Sector 25 Trends in total value-added 25 Trends in value-added by sub- Sector 27 Trends in value-added per unit of output 29 Trends in value-added per employee 31 Trends in the Forestry Sector s Contribution to GDP 33 Potential underestimation 36 Estimation with alternative

5 Exchange rate 36 Forest products trade 37 Trends in the share of forest products in total merchandise trade 39 Potential underestimation 43 SuMMAry ANd CoNCLuSioNS 44rEFErENCES 48 ANNEx 1 CouNtry rELAtEd rEFErENCES 50 ANNEx 2 gLobAL tAbLES 56tAbLE oF CoNtENtS iiiLiSt oF FigurES ivLiSt oF boxES vLiSt oF tAbLES vLiSt oF ANNEx tAbLES vACroNyMS ANd AbbrEviAtioNS viAbStrACt viiACkNoWLEdgEMENtS viiList of Figuresivlist oF FiguResFigure 1. Forestry Sector employment by sub- Sector , 1990-2011 20 Figure 2. Forestry Sector employment by region, 1990-2011 20 Figure 3. Labour productivity in (formal) Forestry activities by region, 1990-2011 22 Figure 4. Labour productivity in the wood industry by region, 1990-2011 22 Figure 5. Labour productivity in the pulp and paper industry by region, 1990-2011 23 Figure 6.

6 Forestry Sector s Contribution to employment by region, 1990-2011 24 Figure 7. Gross value-added in the Forestry Sector by sub- Sector , 1990-2011 25 Figure 8. Trends in real export prices, gross value-added, production and value-added per unit of output at the global level for the wood industry, 1990-2011 26 Figure 9. Trends in real export prices, gross value-added, production and value-added per unit of output at the global level for the pulp and paper industry, 1990-2011 26 Figure 10. Trends in gross value-added at the global level for the Forestry sub-sectors and other economic activities, 1990-2011 26 Figure 11. Gross value-added in the Forestry Sector by region, 1990-2011 27 Figure 12. Gross value-added in (formal) Forestry activities by region, 1990-2011 28 Figure 13.

7 Gross value-added in the wood industry by region, 1990-2011 28 Figure 14. Gross value-added in the pulp and paper industry by region, 1990-2011 29 Figure 15. Value-added per unit of output in (formal) Forestry activities by region, 1990-2011 30 Figure 16. Value-added per unit of output in the wood industry by region, 1990-2011 30 Figure 17. Value-added per unit of output in the pulp and paper industry by region, 1990-2011 31 Figure 18. Value-added per employee in (formal) Forestry activities by region, 1990-2011 32 Figure 19. Value-added per employee in the wood industry by region, 1990-2011 33 Figure 20. Value-added per employee in the pulp and paper industry by region, 1990-2011 33 Figure 21. Forestry Sector s Contribution to GDP by region, 1990-2011 33 Figure 22.

8 Forestry Sector s Contribution to GDP in 2011, by country 35 Figure 23. Forestry Sector s Contribution to Agricultural and Manufacturing GDP, 1990-2011 35 Figure 24. Nominal exchange rates of selected major currencies against US dollar, 2000-2011 (indices of National currencies per US dollar, 2000=100) 36 Figure 25. Value-added in the Forestry Sector by region using alternative exchange rates 37 Figure 26. Exports of forest products by sub- Sector , 1990-2011 37 Figure 27. Exports of forest products by region, 1990-2011 38 Figure 28. Share in forest products imports by region, 1990-2011 38 Figure 29. Net trade in forest products by region, 1990-2011 38 Figure 30. Share of forest products in total merchandise exports by region, 1990-2011 39 Figure 31.

9 Share of products from the Forestry sub- Sector in total merchandise exports by region, 1990-2011 40 Figure 32. Share of wood industry products in total merchandise exports by region, 1990-2011 40 Figure 33. Share of pulp and paper industry products in total merchandise exports by region, 1990-2011 41 Figure 34. Share of wooden furniture in total merchandise exports by region, 1990-2011 41 Figure 35. Share of forest products in total merchandise imports by region, 1990-2011 42 Figure 36. Share of products from the Forestry sub- Sector in total merchandise imports by region, 1990-2011 42 Figure 37. Share of wood industry products in total merchandise imports by region, 1990-2011 42 Figure 38. Share of pulp and paper industry products in total merchandise imports by region, 1990-2011 42 Figure 39.

10 Share of wooden furniture in total merchandise imports by region, 1990-2011 43 Figure 40. Employment, value-added and export trends at the global level for the total Forestry Sector and whole economy, 1990-2011 44 List of Boxesvlist oF tablesTable 1. Total number of official employment statistics collected for each year 15 Table 2. Average number of employment statistics collected for each year (over the period of 1990 to 2011) by region 15 Table 3. Total number of official value-added statistics collected for each year 16 Table 4. Average number of value-added statistics collected for each year (over the period 1990 to 2011) by region 17 Table 5. Summary of the trends and current status of the total Forestry Sector employment, value-added and exports by region 44 Table 6.