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CONTROL VALVE HANDBOOK - Pacific Controls

CONTROL VALVEHANDBOOKF ourth EditioniiNORTH AMERICAE merson Process ManagementMarshalltown, Iowa 50158 USAT 1 (641) 754 3011F 1 (641) 754 AMERICAE merson Process ManagementSorocaba, Sao Paulo 18087 BrazilT +(55)(15)238 3788F +(55)(15)228 Process ManagementCernay 68700 FranceT +(33) (0)3 89 37 64 00F +(33) (0)3 89 37 65 EAST & AFRICAE merson FZED ubai, United Arab EmiratesT +971 4 883 5235F +971 4 883 PACIFICE merson Process Management Singapore 128461 SingaporeT +(65) 6777 8211F +(65) 6777 is a mark owned by Fisher Controls International LLC, a member of the EmersonProcess Management business division of Emerson Electric Co. The Emerson logo is atrademark and service mark of Emerson Electric Co. All other marks are the property of theirrespective contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and whileevery effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, they are not to be construed aswarranties or guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services describedherein or their use or applicability.

iii Preface to Fourth Edition Control valves are an increasingly vital component of modern manufacturing around the world. Properly selected and maintained control valves increase efficiency, safe-

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Transcription of CONTROL VALVE HANDBOOK - Pacific Controls

1 CONTROL VALVEHANDBOOKF ourth EditioniiNORTH AMERICAE merson Process ManagementMarshalltown, Iowa 50158 USAT 1 (641) 754 3011F 1 (641) 754 AMERICAE merson Process ManagementSorocaba, Sao Paulo 18087 BrazilT +(55)(15)238 3788F +(55)(15)228 Process ManagementCernay 68700 FranceT +(33) (0)3 89 37 64 00F +(33) (0)3 89 37 65 EAST & AFRICAE merson FZED ubai, United Arab EmiratesT +971 4 883 5235F +971 4 883 PACIFICE merson Process Management Singapore 128461 SingaporeT +(65) 6777 8211F +(65) 6777 is a mark owned by Fisher Controls International LLC, a member of the EmersonProcess Management business division of Emerson Electric Co. The Emerson logo is atrademark and service mark of Emerson Electric Co. All other marks are the property of theirrespective contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and whileevery effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, they are not to be construed aswarranties or guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services describedherein or their use or applicability.

2 We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs orspecifications of such products at any time without Emerson, Emerson Process Management nor any of their affiliated entities assumesresponsibility for the selection, use and maintenance of any product. Responsibility for theselection, use and maintenance of any product remains with the purchaser and in Controls International LLC 2005D101881X012iiiPreface to Fourth EditionControl valves are an increasingly vital component of modern manufacturing aroundthe world. Properly selected and maintained CONTROL valves increase efficiency, safe-ty, profitability, and CONTROL VALVE HANDBOOK has been a primary reference since its first printing in1965. This fourth edition presents vital information on CONTROL VALVE performance andthe latest 1 offers an introduction to CONTROL valves including definitions forcommon CONTROL VALVE and instrumentation 2 develops the vital topic of CONTROL VALVE 3 covers VALVE and actuator 4 describes digital VALVE controllers, analog positioners, boosters,and other CONTROL VALVE 5 is a comprehensive guide to selecting the best CONTROL VALVE foran 6 covers the selection and use of special CONTROL 7 covers desuperheaters, steam conditioning valves .

3 And turbinebypass 8 offers typical CONTROL VALVE installation and maintenance 9 includes information on CONTROL VALVE standards and approvalagencies throughout the 10 offers useful tables of engineering reference 11 includes piping reference 12 is a handy resource for common CONTROL VALVE HANDBOOK is both a textbook and a reference on the strongest linkin the CONTROL loop: the CONTROL VALVE and its accessories. This book includes exten-sive and proven knowledge from leading experts in the process CONTROL field includ-ing contributions from the ISA and the Crane of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to CONTROL Valves1.. What Is A CONTROL VALVE ?1.. Process CONTROL Terminology2.. Sliding-Stem CONTROL VALVE Terminology6.. Rotary-Shaft CONTROL VALVE Terminology13.. CONTROL VALVE Functions and Characteristics Terminology16.

4 Other Process CONTROL Terminology18.. Chapter 2. CONTROL VALVE Performance23.. Process Variability23.. Dead Band25.. Actuator-Positioner Design27.. VALVE Response Time29.. VALVE Type And Characterization31.. VALVE Sizing36.. Economic Results37.. Summary39.. Chapter 3. VALVE and Actuator Types41.. CONTROL Valves41.. Globe Valves41.. Single-Port VALVE Bodies41.. Balanced-Plug Cage-Style VALVE Bodies43.. High Capacity, Cage-Guided VALVE Bodies43.. Port-Guided Single-Port VALVE Bodies44.. Double-Ported VALVE Bodies44.. Three-Way VALVE Bodies45.. Table of ContentsviRotary Valves45.. Butterfly VALVE Bodies45.. V-Notch Ball CONTROL VALVE Bodies46.. Eccentric-Disk CONTROL VALVE Bodies46.. Eccentric-Plug CONTROL VALVE Bodies47.. CONTROL VALVE End Connections47.. Screwed Pipe Threads47.. Bolted Gasketed Flanges48.. Welding End Connections48.

5 VALVE Body Bonnets49.. Extension Bonnets50.. Bellows Seal Bonnets51.. CONTROL VALVE Packing52.. PTFE V-Ring52.. Laminated and Filament Graphite52.. USA Regulatory Requirements for Fugitive Emissions53.. Single PTFE V-Ring Packing54.. ENVIRO-SEALR PTFE Packing54.. ENVIRO-SEALR Duplex Packing55.. KALREZR Packing55.. ENVIRO SEALR Graphite ULF55.. HIGH-SEALt Graphite ULF55.. ENVIRO-SEALR Graphite for Rotary Valves57.. Graphite Ribbon for Rotary Valves57.. Characterization of Cage-Guided VALVE Bodies58.. Characterized VALVE Plugs59.. VALVE Plug Guiding60.. Restricted-Capacity CONTROL VALVE Trim61.. Actuators61.. Diaphragm Actuators62.. Piston Actuators63.. Electrohydraulic Actuators64.. Manual Actuators64.. Rack and Pinion Actuators64.. Electric Actuators64.. Chapter 4. CONTROL VALVE Accessories67.. Positioners67.. Other CONTROL VALVE Accessories69.

6 Limit Switches69.. Solenoid VALVE Manifold71.. Supply Pressure Regulator71.. Pneumatic Lock-Up Systems72.. Fail-Safe Systems for Piston Actuators72.. Electro-Pneumatic Transducers72.. Electro-Pneumatic VALVE Positioners72.. Table of ContentsviiDiagnostics74.. Chapter 5. CONTROL VALVE Selection75.. VALVE Body Materials76.. Designations for the High Nickel Alloys77.. Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Standard Class78.. Cast Carbon Steel (ASTM A216 Grade WCC)78.. Cast Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (ASTM A217 Grade WC9)79.. Cast Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (ASTM A217 Grade C5)80.. Cast Type 304 Stainless Steel (ASTM A351 Grade CF3)81.. Cast Type 316 Stainless Steel (ASTM A351 Grades CF8M and CG8M) 82 Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM A216 Cast Iron Valves84.. Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM B61 and B62 Cast Bronze Valves85.

7 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe-Style CONTROL Valves86.. Face-to-Face Dimensions for Buttweld-End Globe-Style CONTROL Valves88.. Face-to-Face Dimensions for Socket Weld-End Globe-Style CONTROL Valves89.. Face-to-Face Dimensions for Screwed-End Globe-Style CONTROL Valves90.. Face-to-Centerline Dimensions for Raised Face Globe-Style Angle CONTROL Valves90.. Face-to-Face Dimensions for Separable Flanged Globe-Style CONTROL Valves90.. Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flangeless, Partial-Ball CONTROL Valves91.. Face-to-Face Dimensions for Single Flange (Lug-Type) and Flangeless (Wafer-Type) Butterfly CONTROL Valves91.. Face-to-Face Dimensions for High Pressure Butterfly valves with Offset Design92.. Wear & Galling Resistance Chart Of Material Combinations92.. CONTROL VALVE Seat Leakage Classifications93.. Class VI Maximum Seat Leakage Allowable94.

8 Typical VALVE Trim Material Temperature Limits94.. Service Temperature Limitations for Elastomers95.. Ambient Temperature Corrosion Information 96.. Elastomer Information 101.. Fluid Compatibility 104.. CONTROL VALVE Flow Characteristics108.. Flow Characteristics108.. Selection of Flow Characteristic109.. VALVE Sizing110.. Sizing valves for Liquids110.. Abbreviations and Terminology112.. Equation Constants113.. Determining Fp, the Piping Geometry Factor114.. Table of ContentsviiiDetermining qmax (the Maximum Flow Rate) or DPmax (the Allowable Sizing Pressure Drop)115.. Determining qmax (the Maximum Flow Rate)115.. Determining DPmax (the Allowable Sizing Pressure Drop)115.. Liquid Sizing Sample Problem117.. Sizing valves for Compressible Fluids119.. Determining xTP, the Pressure Drop Ratio Factor121.. Compressible Fluid Sizing Sample Problem No.

9 1121.. Compressible Fluid Sizing Sample Problem No. 2123.. Representative Sizing Coefficients for Single-Ported Globe-Style VALVE Bodies126.. Representative Sizing Coefficients for Rotary-Shaft valves 127.. Actuator Sizing129.. Globe Valves129.. A. Unbalance Force129.. Typical Unbalance Areas of CONTROL Valves129.. B. Force to Provide Seat Load130.. C. Packing Friction131.. Typical Packing Friction Values132.. D. Additional Forces132.. Actuator Force Calculations133.. Rotary Actuator Sizing133.. Torque Equations133.. Breakout Torque133.. Dynamic Torque133.. Typical Rotary Shaft VALVE Torque Factors134.. V-Notch Ball VALVE with Composition Seal134.. High Performance Butterfly VALVE with Composition Seal134.. Maximum Rotation134.. Non-Destructive Test Procedures134.. Magnetic Particle (Surface) Examination135.. Liquid Penetrant (Surface) Examination135.

10 Radiographic (Volumetric) Examination135.. Ultrasonic (Volumetric) Examination136.. Cavitation and Flashing136.. Choked Flow Causes Flashing and Cavitation136.. VALVE Selection for Flashing Service137.. VALVE Selection for Cavitation Service138.. Noise Prediction139.. Aerodynamic139.. Hydrodynamic140.. Noise Control140.. Noise Summary143.. Packing Selection144.. Packing Selection Guidelines for Sliding Stem Valves145.. Packing Selection Guidelines for Rotary Valves146.. Chapter 6. Special CONTROL Valves147.. Table of ContentsixHigh Capacity CONTROL Valves147.. Low Flow CONTROL Valves148.. High-Temperature CONTROL Valves148.. Cryogenic Service Valves149.. Customized Characteristics and Noise Abatement Trims150.. CONTROL valves for Nuclear Service in the USA151.. valves Subject to Sulfide Stress Cracking151.. Pre-2003 Revisions of MR0175152.


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