Transcription of Earthquake geotechnical engineering practice
1 Earthquake geotechnical engineering practiceModule !. Ground improvement of soils prone to liquefactionNovember !"!#ISBN (print) 978-1-98-851736-0 ISBN (online) 978-1-98-851735-3iMODULE 5: GROUND IMPROVEMENT OF SOILS PRONE TO LIQUEFACTIONC ontentsAcknowledgements ..ivPreface ..vi1 Introduction ..1!.! Objective ..!!." Scope .."2 Site and liquefaction considerations ..3".! Site characterisation ..#"." Liquefaction considerations ..$Liquefaction evaluation ..$Effects of liquefaction on buildings ..$3 Ground improvement principles.
2 5#.! Methods of ground improvement ..%Replacement ..&Densification ..&Solidification ..&Reinforcement ..&Drainage ..&#." Seismic response of buildings supported on improved ground ..'Effects on structural response ..'Deformation modes ..'4 Performance requirements ..12$.! Regulatory requirements ..!"$." Ground improvement performance objectives ..!#5 Ground improvement design ..14%.! Design process ..!$%." Selection of ground improvement method ..!%%.# Extent of ground improvement below buildings with shallow footings.
3 !% Earthquake geotechnical engineering PRACTICEiiDepth of treatment ..!&Lateral extent of treatment ..!'Mitigation of lateral spreading effects on buildings ..!)%.$ Drainage blankets ..!*%.% Other considerations .."+Quality control and quality assurance .."+Environmental constraints .."+6 Replacement methods ..21&.! Outline .."!&." Site conditions suitable for replacement .."!&.# Design considerations ..""7 Densification methods ..23'.! Outline .."#'. " Site conditions suitable for densification .."$'. # Design considerations.
4 "%'. $ Design verification .."''.% Dynamic compaction .."''.& Vibro-compaction ..#+'.' Stone columns ..#"'.) Compaction piles ..#$'.* Compaction grouting ..#$'.!+ Resin injection ..#%8 Solidification methods ..37).! Outline ..#')." Techniques for #)).# Site conditions suitable for solidification ..#)).$ Design considerations ..#*).% Design verification and quality control ..$+).& Soil mixing ..$+).' Jet grouting ..$!).) Permeation grouting ..$!iiiMODULE 5: GROUND IMPROVEMENT OF SOILS PRONE TO LIQUEFACTION9 Reinforcement methods.
5 42*.! Outline ..$"*." Techniques for reinforcement ..$#*.# Site conditions suitable for reinforcement ..$#*.$ Design considerations ..$$*.% Design verification ..$$*.& Lattice reinforcement ..$$*.' Stiff columnar reinforcement grids ..$%10 Drainage !+.! Outline ..$&!+." Permanent dewatering ..$'!+.# Vertical drains ..$)11 Ground improvement for residential construction ..49!!.! Applicability ..%+!!." Design philosophy ..%+!!.# Liquefaction mitigation strategies ..%!!!.$ Ground improvement mechanisms ..%!
6 !!.% Selection criteria ..%$!!.& Specification, construction and quality control ..%$!!.' Findings from EQC ground improvement trials ..%%12 Procurement for design and construction ..5613 References ..58 Appendix. Worked A ..&'Site B ..'"Example !: Shallow undercut and replacement with a dense gravel raft ..'&Example ": Shallow undercut and replacement with a reinforced cement-soil mixed raft ..)"Example #: Stone columns ..)$Example $: Dynamic compaction ..!+"Example %: Controlled modulus columns ..!+'Example &: Lattice reinforcement.
7 !!" Earthquake geotechnical engineering PRACTICEivAcknowledgementsNZGS/MBIE EDITORIAL PANEL FOR REVISION Campbell Keepa, ,WSP (lead author) Dr Alexei Murashev, ,WSP (lead author) Prof Misko Cubrinovski, ,University of Canterbury Dr Kevin J McManus, ,McManus Geotech Ltd Nick Traylen, ,Geotech Consulting Ltd Rick Wentz, ,Wentz Pacific Ltd Mike Stannard, , engineering New Zealand (project lead) Tony Fairclough, ,Tonkin & Taylor John Scott, ,EQC Kiran Saligame, ,Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment Ananth Balachandra, ,NZGSNZGS/MBIE EDITORIAL PANEL AND CONTRIBUTORS FOR REVISION 0 !
8 PUBLISHED JUNE 20167" Prof R Orense, ,University of Auckland Prof Misko Cubrinovski Dr Kevin J McManus Charlie Price, ,Stantec, NZGS Chair John Scott, ,MBIE Dr Gilles Seve, ,MBIE Mike Stannard, ,MBIE Nick Traylen Rick Wentz Phil Clayton, ,Beca Infrastructure Tony Fairclough Nick Wharmby, ,March Construction Ltd Stuart Palmer, ,Tonkin & Taylor Prof Jonathon Bray, ,University of California, Berkeley Dr Geoffrey Martin, ,University of Southern California Prof Susumu Yasuda, ,Tokyo Denki University, JapanMINISTRY OF BUSINESS, INNOVATION & EMPLOYMENT Jenni TiplerNZGS MANAGEMENT Ross RobertsENGINEERING NEW ZEALAND Kaya Yamabe Eleanor Laban Tania WilliamsEQC Jo HorrocksvMODULE 5.
9 GROUND IMPROVEMENT OF SOILS PRONE TO LIQUEFACTIONDOCUMENT STATUSISBN (print) 978-1-98-851736-0 ISBN (online) 978-1-98-851735-3 New Zealand geotechnical Society (NZGS) and Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) Earthquake geotechnical engineering practice in New ZealandRev 1 Issue date November 2021 New Zealand geotechnical Society (NZGS) c/ engineering New Zealand PO Box 12 241 Wellington 6013 Ministry of Business Innovation & Employment (MBIE) Building System Performance Branch PO Box 1473 Wellington 6140 DISCLAIMERThis document is published by the Chief Executive of MBIE as guidance under section 175 of the Building Act 2004 to assist parties to comply with their obligations under the Building Act 2004.
10 It is not mandatory to follow the guidance, but if followed: it does not relieve any person of the obligation to consider any matter to which that information relates according to the circumstances of the particular case; users should consider taking appropriate professional advice prior to entering into a construction contract which incorporates all or parts of this document. While the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment, engineering New Zealand and the New Zealand geotechnical Society have taken care in preparing this document, it is only a guide.
