EE2401 Power System Operation & Control

1 EE2401 Power System Operation & Control A Course Material on Power System Operation and Control By Mr. Assistant PROFESSOR. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING. SASURIE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING. VIJAYAMANGALAM 638 056. SCE 1 EEE. EE2401 Power System Operation & Control QUALITY CERTIFICATE. This is to certify that the e-course material Subject Code : EE 2401. Subject : Power System Operation and Control Class : IV Year EEE. being prepared by me and it meets the knowledge requirement of the university curriculum.

2 Signature of the Author Name: Designation: This is to certify that the course material being prepared by Mr is of adequate quality. She has referred more than five books among them minimum one is from aboard author. Signature of HD. Name: SEAL. SCE 2 EEE. EE2401 Power System Operation & Control EE 2401 Power System Operation AND Control . AIM. To become familiar with the preparatory work necessary for meeting the next day s Operation and the various Control actions to be implemented on the System to meet the minute-to-minute variation of System load.

3 OBJECTIVES. i. To get an overview of System Operation and Control . ii. To understand & model Power -frequency dynamics and to design Power -frequency controller. iii. To understand & model reactive Power -voltage interaction and different methods of Control for maintaining voltage profile against varying System load. UNIT - I INTRODUCTION 9. System load variation: System load characteristics, load curves - daily, weekly and annual, load- duration curve, load factor, diversity factor. Reserve requirements: Installed reserves, spinning reserves, cold reserves, hot reserves.

4 Overview of System Operation : Load forecasting, unit commitment, load dispatching. Overview of System Control : Governor Control , LFC, EDC, AVR, System voltage Control , security Control . UNIT - II REAL Power - FREQUENCY Control 8. Fundamentals of speed governing mechanism and modeling: Speed-load characteristics Load sharing between two synchronous machines in parallel; concept of Control area, LFC Control of a single-area System : Static and dynamic analysis of uncontrolled and controlled cases, Economic Dispatch Control . Multi-area systems: Two-area System modeling; static analysis, uncontrolled case; tie line with frequency bias Control of two-area System derivation, state variable model.

5 UNIT - III REACTIVE Power VOLTAGE Control 9. Typical excitation System , modeling, static and dynamic analysis, stability compensation;. generation and absorption of reactive Power : Relation between voltage, Power and reactive Power at a node; method of voltage Control : Injection of reactive Power . Tap-changing transformer, numerical problems - System level Control using generator voltage magnitude setting, tap setting of OLTC transformer and MVAR injection of switched capacitors to maintain acceptable voltage profile and to minimize transmission loss.

6 UNIT-IV COMMITMENTANDECONOMICDISPATCH 9. Statement of Unit Commitment (UC) problem; constraints in UC: spinning reserve, thermal unit constraints, hydro constraints, fuel constraints and other constraints; UC solution methods: Priority-list methods, forward dynamic programming approach, numerical problems only in priority-list method using full-load average production cost. SCE 3 EEE. EE2401 Power System Operation & Control Incremental cost curve, co-ordination equations without loss and with loss, solution by direct method and -iteration method.

7 (No derivation of loss coefficients.) Base point and participation factors. Economic dispatch controller added to LFC Control . UNIT - V COMPUTER Control OF Power SYSTEMS 10. Energy Control centre: Functions Monitoring, data acquisition and Control . System hardware configuration SCADA and EMS functions: Network topology determination, state estimation, security analysis and Control . Various operating states: Normal, alert, emergency, inextremis and restorative. State transition diagram showing various state transitions and Control strategies.

8 L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60. TEXT BOOKS. 1. Olle. I. Elgerd, Electric Energy Systems Theory An Introduction , Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, Second Edition, 2003. 2. and Bruce , Power Generation, Operation and Control , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. 3. P. Kundur, Power System Stability & Control , McGraw Hill Publications, USA, 1994. REFERENCE BOOKS. 4. Kothari and Nagrath, Modern Power System Analysis , Third Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2003. 5. Grigsby, The Electric Power Engineering, Hand Book , CRC Press & IEEE Press, 2001.

9 SCE 4 EEE. EE2401 Power System Operation & Control PAGE. CHAPTER. CONTENT NO. 1 INTRODUCTION 8. INTRODUCTION 8. PRE REQUEST 8. Power System 8. System LOAD VARIATION 8. ECONOMIC OF GENERATION 10. Load curves 12. Load duration curve 12. IMPORTANT TERMINALOGIES 12. Connected load 12. Maximum demand 12. Demand factor 12. Average demand 13. Load factor 13. Diversity factor 13. Capacity factor 13. Plant use factor 13. OVERVIEW OF Power System Control 14. 2 REAL Power FREQUENCY Control 20. INTRODUCTION 20. PRE REQUEST 20. TECHNICAL TERMS 20.

10 SPEED GIVERNING MECHANISM AND MODELLING 21. LOAD FREQUENCY Control 23. AUTOMATIC LOAD FREQUENCY Control 25. LFC Control OF SINGLE AREA AND DERIVE THE 28. STEADY STATE FREQUENCY ERROR. LFC Control OF SINGLE AREA AND DERIVE THE 31. DYNAMIC RESPONSE. MODEL OF UNCONTROLLED TWO AREA LOAD 35. FREQUENCY Control System . DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF LOAD FREQUENCY Control 36. LOOPS. INTERCONNECTED Operation 36. Flat Frequency Control of lnter- connected Stations 38. TWO AREA SYSTEMS - TIE-LINE Power MODEL 39. SCE 5 EEE. EE2401 Power System Operation & Control DYNAMIC RESPONSE 40.