Guide to NumPy - MIT

1 Guide to NumPyTravis E. Oliphant, PhDDec 7, 2006 This book is under restricted distribution using a Market-Determined, Tempo-rary, Distribution-Restriction (MDTDR) system (see ) untilOctober 31, 2010 at the latest. If you receive this book, you are asked not to copy itin any form (electronic or paper) until the temporary distribution-restriction you have multiple users at an institution, you should either share a single copyusing some form of digital library check-out, or buy multiple copies. The morecopies purchased, the sooner the documentation can be released from this incon-venient distribution restriction.

2 After October 31, 2010 this book may be freelycopied in any format and used as source material for other books as long as ac-knowledgement of the original author is given. Your supportof thistemporarydistribution restriction plays an essential role in allowing the author and others likehim to produce more quality books and NumPy from Python121 Origins of NumPy132 Object Data-Type Descriptors.. Basic indexing (slicing).. Memory Layout ofndarray.. Contiguous Memory Layout.. Non-contiguous memory layout.. Universal Functions for arrays.. Summary of new features.. Summary of differences with Numeric.

3 First-step changes.. Second-step changes.. Updating code that uses Numeric using altercodeN.. Changes to think about.. Summary of differences with Numarray.. First-step changes.. Import changes.. Attribute and method changes.. Second-step changes.. Additional Extension modules.. 433 The Array .. Memory Layout attributes.. Data Type attributes.. Other attributes.. Array Interface attributes.. Array conversion.. Array shape manipulation.. Array item selection and manipulation.. Array calculation.. Array Special Methods.. Methods for standard library functions.

4 Basic customization.. Container customization.. Arithmetic customization.. Binary.. In-place.. Unary operations.. Array indexing.. Basic Slicing.. Advanced selection.. Integer.. Boolean.. Flat Iterator indexing.. 844 Basic Creating arrays.. Operations on two or more arrays.. Printing arrays.. Functions redundant with methods.. Dealing with data types.. 945 Additional Convenience Shape functions.. Basic functions.. Polynomial functions.. Set Operations.. Array construction using index tricks.. Other indexing devices.

5 Two-dimensional functions.. More data type functions.. Functions that behave like ufuncs.. Miscellaneous Functions.. Utility functions.. 1246 Scalar Attributes of array scalars.. Methods of array scalars.. Defining New Types.. 1307 Data-type (dtype) Attributes.. Construction.. Methods.. 1378 Standard Special attributes and methods recognized by NumPy .. Matrix Objects.. Memory-mapped-file arrays.. Character arrays ( ).. Record Arrays ( ).. Masked Arrays ( ).. Standard container class.. Array Iterators.. Default iteration.. Flat iteration.. N-dimensional enumeration.

6 Iterator for broadcasting.. 1519 Universal Description.. Broadcasting.. Output type determination.. Use of internal buffers.. Error handling.. Optional keyword arguments.. Attributes.. Casting Rules.. Methods.. Reduce.. Accumulate.. Reduceat.. Outer.. Available ufuncs.. Math operations.. Trigonometric functions.. Bit-twiddling functions.. Comparison functions.. Floating functions.. 17110 Basic Linear Algebra (linalg).. Discrete Fourier Transforms (fft).. Random Numbers (random).. Discrete Distributions.. Continuous Distributions.. Miscellaneous utilities.

7 Matrix-specific functions (matlib).. Ctypes utiltity functions (ctypeslib).. 19111 Testing and Testing.. NumPy Distutils.. miscutil.. Other modules.. Conversion of .src files.. Fortran files.. Named repeat rule.. Short repeat rule.. Pre-defined names.. Other files.. 205II C-API20612 New Python Types and New Python Types Defined.. PyArrayType.. PyArrayDescrType.. PyUFuncType.. PyArrayIterType.. PyArrayMultiIterType.. PyArrayFlagsType.. ScalarArrayTypes.. Other C-Structures.. PyArrayDims.. PyArrayChunk.. PyArrayInterface.. Internally used structures.. PyUFuncLoopObject.

8 PyUFuncReduceObject.. PyUFuncLoop1d.. PyArrayMapIterType.. 22713 Complete Configuration defines.. Guaranteed to be defined.. Possible defines.. Array Data Types.. Enumerated Types.. Defines.. Max and min values for integers.. Number of bits in data types.. Bit-width references to enumerated typenums.. Integer that can hold a pointer.. C-type names.. Boolean.. (Un)Signed Integer.. (Complex) Floating point.. Bit-width names.. Printf Formatting.. Array API.. Array structure and data access.. Data access.. Creating arrays.. From scratch.. From other objects.

9 Dealing with types.. General check of Python Type.. Data-type checking.. Converting data types.. New data types.. Special functions for PyArrayOBJECT.. Array flags.. Basic Array Flags.. Combinations of array flags.. Flag-like constants.. Flag checking.. Array method alternative API.. Conversion.. Shape Manipulation.. Item selection and manipulation.. Calculation.. Functions.. Array Functions.. Other functions.. Array Iterators.. Broadcasting (multi-iterators).. Array Scalars.. descriptors.. Utilities.. For use withPyArgParseTuple.. Other conversions.

10 Importing the API.. Internal Flexibility.. Memory management.. Threading support.. Priority.. Default buffers.. Other constants.. Miscellaneous Macros.. Enumerated Types.. UFunc API.. Constants.. Macros.. Functions.. Generic functions.. Importing the API.. 29014 How to extend Writing an extension module.. Required subroutine.. Defining functions.. Functions without keyword arguments.. Functions with keyword arguments.. Reference counting.. Dealing with array objects.. Converting an arbitrary sequence object.. Creating a brand-new ndarray.. Getting at ndarray memory and accessing elements of thendarray.