HONEYWELL E M AUTOMATIC CONTROL for

1 ENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLiHONEYWELLENGINEERING manual ofAUTOMATICCONTROLforCOMMERCIAL BUILDINGSENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLiiCopyright 1934, 1940, 1953, 1988, 1991 and 1997 by HONEYWELL rights reserved. This manual or portions thereof may not be reporducedin any form without permission of HONEYWELL of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-72971 HONEYWELL Europe Avenue du Bourget1140 BrusselsBelgiumHoneywell Asia Pacific 3213-3225 Sun Hung Kai CentreNo. 30 Harbour RoadWanchaiHong KongHome and Building ControlHoneywell Limited- HONEYWELL Limit e155 Gordon Baker RoadNorth York, OntarioM2H 3N7 HONEYWELL Latin American Region480 Sawgrass Corporate ParkwaySuite 200 Sunrise FL 33325 Home and Building ControlHoneywell Box 524 Minneapolis MN 55408-0524 Printed in USAENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLiiiFOREWORDThe Minneapolis HONEYWELL Regulator Company published the first edition of the Engineering manual ofAutomatic CONTROL in l934.

2 The manual quickly became the standard textbook for the commercial buildingcontrols industry. Subsequent editions have enjoyed even greater success in colleges, universities, and contractorand consulting engineering offices throughout the the original 1934 edition, the building CONTROL industry has experienced dramatic change and madetremendous advances in equipment, system design, and application. In this edition, microprocessor controls areshown in most of the CONTROL applications rather than pneumatic, electric, or electronic to reflect the trends inindustry today. Consideration of configuration, functionality, and integration plays a significant role in thedesign of building CONTROL the years HONEYWELL has been dedicated to assisting consulting engineers and architects in theapplication of AUTOMATIC controls to heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems.

3 This manual is an outgrowthof that dedication. Our end user customers, the building owners and operators, will ultimately benefit from theefficiently designed systems resulting from the contents of this of this manual s original sections have been updated and enhanced to include the latest developments incontrol technology. A new section has been added on indoor air quality and information on district heating hasbeen added to the Chiller, Boiler, and Distribution System CONTROL Applications twenty-first edition of the Engineering manual of AUTOMATIC CONTROL is our contribution to ensure thatwe continue to satisfy our customer s requirements. The contributions and encouragement received from previoususers are gratefully acknowledged. Further suggestions will be most , MinnesotaOctober, 1997 KEVIN GILLIGANP resident, H&BC Solutions and ServicesENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLivENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLvPREFACEThe purpose of this manual is to provide the reader with a fundamental understanding of controls and howthey are applied to the many parts of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems in commercial aspects of CONTROL are presented including air handling units, terminal units, chillers, boilers, buildingairflow, water and steam distribution systems, smoke management, and indoor air quality.

4 CONTROL fundamentals,theory, and types of controls provide background for application of controls to heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems. Discussions of pneumatic, electric, electronic, and digital controls illustrate that applicationsmay use one or more of several different CONTROL methods. Engineering data such as equipment sizing, use ofpsychrometric charts, and conversion formulas supplement and support the CONTROL information. To enhanceunderstanding, definitions of terms are provided within individual sections. For maximum usability, each sectionof this manual is available as a separate, self-contained management systems have evolved into a major consideration for the CONTROL engineer when evaluatinga total heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system design.

5 In response to this consideration, the basics ofbuilding management systems configuration are CONTROL recommendations in this manual are general in nature and are not the basis for any specific job orinstallation. CONTROL systems are furnished according to the plans and specifications prepared by the controlengineer. In many instances there is more than one CONTROL solution. Professional expertise and judgment arerequired for the design of a CONTROL system. This manual is not a substitute for such expertise and consult a licensed engineer for advice on designing CONTROL is hoped that the scope of information in this manual will provide the readers with the tools to expand theirknowledge base and help develop sound approaches to AUTOMATIC manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLviENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC System.

6 5 Definitions ..5 HVAC System Characteristics ..8 CONTROL System Characteristics ..15 CONTROL System Components ..30 Characteristics And Attributes Of CONTROL Methods ..35 Psychrometric Chart ..38 Definitions ..38 Description of the Psychrometric Chart ..39 The Abridged Psychrometric Chart ..40 Examples of Air Mixing Process ..42 Air Conditioning Processes ..43 Humidifying Process ..44 ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart ..53 Pneumatic CONTROL 57 Introduction ..59 Definitions ..61 Basic Pneumatic CONTROL System ..61 Air Supply Equipment ..65 Thermostats ..69 Controllers ..70 Sensor-Controller Systems ..72 Actuators and Final CONTROL Elements ..74 Relays and Switches ..77 Pneumatic CONTROL Combinations ..84 Pneumatic Centeralization ..89 Pneumatic CONTROL System Example.

7 90 Electric CONTROL ..97 Definitions ..97 How Electric CONTROL Circuits Classified ..99 Series 40 CONTROL Circuits .. 100 Series 80 CONTROL Circuits .. 102 Series 60 Two-Position CONTROL Circuits .. 103 Series 60 Floating CONTROL Circuits .. 106 Series 90 CONTROL Circuits .. 107 Motor CONTROL Circuits .. 114 ENGINEERING manual ofAUTOMATICCONTROLENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL viiiElectronic CONTROL 119 Introduction .. 120 Definitions .. 120 Typical System .. 122 Components .. 122 Electtonic Controller Fundamentals .. 129 Typical System Application .. 130 Microprocessor-Based/DDC 131 Introduction .. 133 Definitions .. 134 Controller Configuration .. 135 Types of Controllers .. 136 Controller Software.

8 137 Controller Programming .. 142 Typical Applications .. 145 Indoor Air Quality 149 Introduction .. 151 Definitions .. 153 Indoor Air Quality Concerns .. 154 Indoor Air Quality CONTROL Applications .. 170 Smoke Management 171 Introduction .. 172 Definitions .. 173 Design Considerations .. 173 Design Principles .. 175 CONTROL Applications .. 178 Acceptance Testing .. 181 Leakage Rated Dampers .. 182 Building Management System 183 Introduction .. 184 Definitions .. 185 System Configurations .. 186 System Functions .. 189 Integration of Other Systems .. 197 ENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLixControl System Handling System CONTROL 201 Introduction .. 203 Requirements For Effective CONTROL .

9 204 Applications-General .. 206 Valve and Damper Selection .. 207 Symbols .. 208 Ventilation CONTROL Processes .. 209 Fixed Quantity of Outdoor Air CONTROL .. 211 Heating CONTROL Processes .. 223 Preheat CONTROL Processes .. 228 Humidification CONTROL Process .. 235 Cooling CONTROL Processes .. 236 Dehumidification CONTROL Processes .. 243 Heating System CONTROL process .. 246 Year-Round System CONTROL processes .. 248 ASHRAE Psychrometric Charts .. 261 Building Airflow System CONTROL 263 Introduction .. 265 Definitions .. 265 Airflow CONTROL Fundamentals .. 267 Airflow CONTROL Applications .. 281 References .. 292 Chiller, Boiler, and Distribution System CONTROL 293 Introduction .. 297 Abbreviations .. 297 Definitions.

10 297 Symbols .. 298 Chiller System CONTROL .. 299 Boiler System CONTROL .. 329 Hot And Chilled Water Distribution Systems CONTROL .. 337 High Temperature Water Heating System CONTROL .. 376 District Heating Applications .. 382 Individual Room CONTROL 399 Introduction .. 401 Unitary Equipment CONTROL .. 412 Hot Water Plant Considerations .. 428 ENGINEERING manual OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLxEngineering Selection and 431 Introduction .. 432 Definitions .. 432 Valve Selection .. 436 Valve Sizing .. 441 Damper Selection and 451 Introduction .. 453 Definitions .. 453 Damper Selection .. 454 Damper Sizing .. 463 Damper Pressure Drop .. 468 Damper Applications .. 469 General Engineering 471 Introduction .. 472 Weather Data.