Transcription of INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART
1 PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryHolocenePle istocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePa leoceneNeogenePaleogeneUpperLowerCretace ousMesozoicTriassicCarboniferousMesozoic PermianJurassicUpperLowerMiddleUpperLowe rMiddleLopingianGuadalupianCisuralianUpp erLowerUpperMiddleMiddleLowerMississippi anPennsylvanianPaleozoicMiddleUpperCalab rianGelasianPiacenzianZancleanMessinianT ortonianSerravallianLanghianBurdigalianA quitanianChattianRupelianPriabonianBarto nianLutetianYpresianThanetianSelandianDa nianMaastrichtianCampanianSantonianConia cianTuronianCenomanianAlbianAptianBarrem ianHauterivianValanginianBerriasianTitho nianKimmeridgianOxfordianCallovianBathon ianBajocianAalenianToarcianPliensbachian SinemurianHettangianRhaetianNorianCarnia nLadinianAnisianOlenekianInduanChanghsin gianWuchiapingianCapitanianWordianRoadia nKungurianArtinskianSakmarianGzhelianFam ennianFrasnianGivetianEifelianEmsianPrag ianLochkovianLudfordianGorstianHomerianS heinwoodianTelychianAeronianRhuddanianHi rnantianKatianSandbianDarriwilianDapingi anFloianTremadocianStage 10 JiangshanianPaibianGuzhangianDrumianStag e 5 Stage 4 Stage 3 Stage 2 FortunianKasimovianMoscovianBashkirianSe rpukhovianViseanTournaisianTerreneuvianS eries 2 Series ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 235~ ~ ~ 494~ 497~ ~ ~ 509~ 514~ 521~ 529~ 541~ 6358501000120014001600180020502300250028 00320036004000~ 4600presentSeries / EpochStage / Agenumericalage (Ma)Eonothem / EonErathem / EraSystem / PeriodSeries / EpochStage / Agenumericalage (Ma)Eonothem / EonErathem / EraSystem / PeriodSeries / EpochStage / Agenumericalage (Ma)System / PeriodErathem / Eranumericalage (Ma)Eonothem / EonErathem / EraSystem / PeriodEonothem / EonGSSPGSSPGSSPGSSAGSSPINTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHARTI nternational Commission on StratigraphyAugust follows the Commission for theGeological Map of the World.
2 Drafted by Cohen, S. Finney, Gibbard(c) INTERNATIONAL Commission on Stratigraphy, August 2012 Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by GlobalBoundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lowerboundaries, including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, longdefined by Global Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Chartsand detailed information on ratified GSSPs are available at thewebsite ages are subject to revision and do not define units inthe Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundariesin the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrainednumerical ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is ages for all systems except Triassic, Cretaceous andPrecambrian are taken from A Geologic Time Scale 2012 byGradstein et al.
3 (2012); those for the Triassic and Cretaceous wereprovided by the relevant ICS subcommissions.
