Matter—Properties and ChangesMatter—Properties and …

1 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, MANUALCHAPTER3 matter Properties and ChangesMatter Properties and ChangesSolutions Manual chemistry : matter and Change Chapter 3 35 Section Properties of Matterpages 70 75 Problem-Solving Lab 1. Explain why the flow of a compressed gas must be controlled for practical and safe flow of compressed gas must be controlled to control the amount and the rate at which gas is released. 2. Predict what would happen if the valve on a full tank of compressed gas were suddenly opened all the way or if the tank were accidentally the regulator device, the gas would rush out of the tank with a force powerful enough to transform the tank into a dangerous, uncontrolled Assessmentpage 75 1.

2 Create a table that describes the three common states of matter in terms of their shape, volume, and shape of container and fills container to the extent of its own volumeVirtually incompressibleGasFills volume of containerTakes shape of containerCompressible 2. Describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as being a sample of matter must have a uniform and unchanging composition to be a substance. 3. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical Iron and oxygen form Iron is more dense than Magnesium burns brightly when Oil and water do not Mercury melts at 39 4.

3 Organize Create a chart that compares physical and chemical properties. Give two examples for each type of chart should make clear that physical properties can be observed without changing the composition of the sample, which is not the case for chemical properties. Mass and density are examples of physical properties. Fermentation and rusting are examples of chemical Changes in Matterpages 76 79 Practice Problemspage 78 5. Use the data in the table to answer the following ReactionAfter ReactionAluminum gLiquid gCompound gAluminum and Liquid Bromine Reaction How many grams of bromine reacted?

4 How many grams of compound were formed?amount of bromine that reacted g g gamount of compound formed g g g gCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, chemistry : matter and Change Chapter 3 Solutions ManualSOLUTIONS MANUALCHAPTER3 6. From a laboratory process designed to sepa-rate water into hydrogen and oxygen gas, a student collected g of hydrogen and g of oxygen. How much water was originally involved in the process?massreactants massproductsmassreactants masswater electrolyzedmassproducts masshydrogen massoxygenmasswater electrolyzed masshydrogen massoxygenmasswater electrolyzed g g g 7.

5 A student carefully placed g of sodium in a reactor supplied with an excess quantity of chlorine gas. When the reaction was complete, the student obtained g of sodium chloride. Calculate how many grams of chlorine gas reacted. How many grams of sodium reacted?massreactants massproductsmasssodium masschlorine masssodium chloridemasssodium gmasssodium chloride gSubstituting and solving for masschlorine yields g masschlorine gmasschlorine g g g used in the the sodium reacts with excess chlorine, all of the sodium ( g) is used in the reaction.

6 8. A sample of magnesium reacts with oxygen to form g of magnesium oxide. How many grams of oxygen reacted?massreactants massproductsmassmagnesium massoxygen massmagnesium oxidemassmagnesium gmassmagnesium oxide g massoxygen gmassoxygen g g g 9. Challenge g of HCl(g) react with an unknown amount of NH3(g) to produce g of NH4Cl(s). How many grams of NH3(g) reacted? Is the law of conservation of mass observed in the above reaction? Justify your g g 51 gYes. Mass of reactants equals mass of Assessmentpage 79 10.

7 Classify each example as a physical change or a chemical crushing an aluminum canphysicalb. recycling used aluminum cans to make new aluminum cansphysicalc. aluminum combining with oxygen to form aluminum oxidechemical 11. Describe the results of a physical change and list three examples of physical a physical change, a substance is altered but its composition does not change. Examples will vary but may include changes such as melting, freezing, boiling, bending, and tearing. 12. Describe the results of a chemical change. List four indicators of chemical a chemical change, the composition of a substance is altered.

8 Possible indicators of chemical change include a change in color, odor, temperature, and the formation of a gas or solid from a Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Manual chemistry : matter and Change Chapter 3 37 SOLUTIONS MANUALCHAPTER3 13. Calculate Solve each of the In the complete reaction of g of sodium with g of chlorine, what mass of sodium chloride is formed?masssodium chloride masssodium masschloridemasssodium chloride g g gb. A sample of X reacts with a sample of Y to form g of XY.

9 What is the mass of Y that reacted?massX massY massXYmassY massXY massX g g g 14. Evaluate A friend tells you, Because composition does not change during a physical change, the appearance of a substance does not change. Is your friend correct? statement is incorrect. While the composition does not change, a change in appearance often accompanies a physical Mixtures of Matterpages 80 83 Section Assessmentpage 83 15. Classify each of the following as either a heterogeneous or homogeneous tap waterhomogeneousb.

10 Airhomogeneousc. raisin muffinheterogeneous 16. Compare mixtures and have a constant composition, mixtures do not. Each substance in a mixture retains its own properties, whereas the properties of a substance are different from those of the elements that comprise it. 17. Describe the separation technique that could be used to separate each of the following two colorless liquidsdistillationb. a nondissolving solid mixed with a liquidfiltrationc. red and blue marbles of same size and massmanually separating the marbles by color 18.