Motivation – Concept, Nature, Process and Theories

1 Concept, Nature, Process and TheoriesBy:-Dr. AshaKumariGupta, Dept of Education ,DSPMU , RanchiMotivationLatinWord Movere ToMoveDefinition:Motivationcanbedefineda saninnerstatethatactivates, the Process that accounts for an individual s intensity, directionandpersistenceof effort toward attaining a Success storyInspiring career story of HenriFordWhat Is Motivation ?DirectionPersistenceIntensity Motivation Intensity:howhardapersontries. individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their : nature & importance Nature Onemotivemayresultinmanydifferentbehavio rs Motivesaretheenergizingforceswithinus Thesamebehaviormayresultfrommanydifferen tmotives Motivesmayoperateinharmonyorinconflict Motivescomeandgo MotivesinteractwithenvironmentMotivation .

2 Nature & importanceImportancePerformance=Abilityx Motivation Putshumanresourcesintoaction Improveslevelofefficiencyofemployees Leadstoachievementoforganizationalgoals LeadstostabilityofworkforceMotivation ProcessMotiveGoalBehaviorTension Reductionprompts the people to action, it activates the thrust towards reaching a goalIt is a series of activities under taken. Behavior directed to attain goalMotives creates a state of imbalance. Attaining goal restores itA Job Performance Model of MotivationAbility, Job knowledgetemperament & TraitsEmotions, Moods, &AffectBeliefs & ValuesIndividual InputsPhysical EnvironmentTask DesignRewards & ReinforcementSupervisory Support &CoachingSocial NormsOrganizational CultureJob ContextArousal Attention Intensity& &Direction PersistenceMotivational ProcessesMotivatedBehaviorsSkillsEnable, LimitA Job Performance Model of Motivation (cont.)

3 Individual InputsJob ContextMotivational ProcessesFocus:Direction,WhatwedoIntensi ty:Effort,howhardwetryQuality:Taskstrate gies,thewaywedoitDuration:Persistence,ho wlongwesticktoitSkillsEnable, LimitPerformanceMotivated BehaviorsModel of MotivationUnsatisfied NeedTensionDrivesMobilization of BehaviourIncentiveDrive ReductionSatisfactionTheories of MotivationContent TheoryMaslow s TheoryHerzberg TwoFactor TheoryAlderfer sERGT heoryProcess TheoryVroom s expectancy TheoryAdam s EquityTheoryGoal-Setting TheoryWhat Motivates How motivatesTheories of MotivationTheories of Motivation : Content Theories Contenttheories:Focusonfactorswithinthep ersonthatenergize,direct,sustain, (individualneedsforjobsatisfaction,behav ior,andrewardsystems).

4 Of Motivation : Content TheoriesMaslow sNeedHierarchyAbrahamMaslowhypothesizedt hatwithineachhumanbeing,thereexistsahier archyoffiveneeds Physiological hunger,thirst,shelterandallbodilyneeds. Safety security&protectionfromphysical&emotiona lharm Social affection,belongingness,acceptance,frien dship. Esteem internalesteemincludesself-respect,auton omy& status,recognition&attention. Self-actualization drivetobecomewhatoneiscapableofbecomingi ncludesgrowth,achievingone spotential& theory states that although no need is ever fully gratified, a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates.

5 According to Maslow, if you want to motivate someone, you need to understand what level of the hierarchy that person is currently on and focus on satisfying those needs at or above that level. Theories of Motivation : Content TheoriesHerzbergTwoFactorTheory FrederickHerzbergwiththebeliefthatanindi vidual'srelationtoworkisbasic&thatone sattitudetowardworkcanverywelldetermines uccessorfailureproposedthistheory. Accordingtohimcertaincharacteristicstend tobeconsistentlyrelatedtojobsatisfaction &otherstojobdissatisfaction. Intrinsicfactorssuchasworkitself,respons ibility&achievementseemtoberelatedtojobs atisfaction.

6 Extrinsicfactorssuchassupervision,pay,co mpanypolicies& of Motivation : Content TheoriesAlderferERGT heory AlderferafterreworkingonMaslow stheoryarguedthatthearethreegroupsofcore needs existence,relatedness&growth. Existence Relatedness Growth of all content theory of MotivationSelfActualizationEsteemBelongi ngnessSecurityPhysiologicalGrowthRelated nessExistenceMotivationHygieneNeedHierar chyERG TheoryTwo Factor theory