PAG%7 Data REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE …

1 FSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAG%7 (Whln Data ) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ psTRucTNsBEFORE COMPLETEIG FORMTRPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT$S CATALOG NUMBE0 TOP 1-2-710 _4. TITLE (amd Subtiole) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVEREDUS ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMAND FinalTEST OPERATIONS PROCEDURE-6. PERFORMING ORG. REPOT NUMBER8 "BALLISTIC TESTS OF ARMOR MATERIALS".7. AUTHOfta) I. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMUER(e)9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASKAREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERSUS ARMY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND (STEAP-MT-M)ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND 21005 DARCOM-R 310-6It. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT OATE,7 February 1984S ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMAND (DRSrE-AD-M) 7. NUMeRO PA S* ---" ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND 210055714, MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AOORS(I[ 4S1 tmt her Conuwellbg OfflW) IL SECURITY CLASS.]

2 (f1 data aqat)Unclassi fledI".. ODCL ASSIlCATION/O01 NGRADINGSCHE[ OISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of 5io REPORT )Approved for public release; distribution ISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of .w abodo"wet ftm Stockub 20. ~ifr 16ar Rat) E)TIC&IELECTEI& S4 PIPLEMENTARY NOTESD* IS. KEY WORDS (Canthawn. an aide It ad Id"Atp 6Y block nuNmbW)" Armor Lethality SpallingBallistic Limit Mines Vehicle ComponentCombat Vehicle Penetration (ballistics) Yaw (projectile)*,. Langlie Method STNACT ON I* n ma lIf, by blok MM-AW)scribes methods available for assessing the abiLity of armored vehicle armor to10 provide protection against attacking projectiles and land mines. Tests of thebasic armor rather than tests of the vehicle are .. 1 i Em". rF I -ov a i Ovo "r UNCLASSIFIED84 02 1 4 1 28 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (011".]

3 Da#* Bntmd)":ne ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMANDTEST OPERATIONS PROCEDUREDRSTE-RP-702-101*Test Operations Procedure 2-2-710 7 February 1984AD TESTS OF ARMOR MATERIALSPageParagraph 1. SCOPE ..12. BACKGROUND .. 23. FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION .. 24. REQUIRED TEST CONDITIONS .. 45. TEST PROCEDURES..*.. Resistance-To-Penetration Test .. V50 Ballistic Limit.. 0 50 Ballistic Critical Angle (for NormalDistributions).. Resistance-to-Shock Test .. Resistance-to-Spalling Test.. Behind-the-Plate Tests for Lethality Data..e.. Resistance to Penetration by HEAT Projectiles..e.. Resistance to REP Projectiles .. Resistance to Mines.. ! Full-Scale Antitank Mine Tests .. Quarter-Scale Tests ..* .. Antipersonnel, Bounding-Type Mines ..21 APPENDIX A.

4 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING A DEFEAT OF ARMOR..A-1B. ANGLE OF OBLIQUITY ..B-IC. EFFECTS OF IMPACT ON ARMOR AND PROJECTILES.. C-ID. MEASUREMENT OF PROJECTILE YAW .. D-1E. CONVERSION OF 050 CRITICAL ANGLE TO V50 BALLISTICLIMIT ..E-1F. BALLISTIC LIMIT PREDICTIONS FROM MODELS .. F-IG. SUPPORT FOR THIN PLATES ..G-1H. BALLISTIC DATA RETRIEVAL AT ABERDEEN PROVINGGROUND..f f.. qt -II. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING 950 .. , .1-1J. REFERENCES ..f.. ft .t1. SCOPE. Itila TOP describes the methods available for assessing the ability ofarmored vehiclo armor to provide protection against attacking projectiles andland mines. Tests of the basic armor rather than tests of the vehicle are em-phasized. Related topics covered by other TOP's are: Accession For*This TOP supersedes TOP 2-2-710 dated 6 April 1977.

5 DTIS TAMTDTIC TAB 0]Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. *utihiatio 0 Distribut ion/ .Availability CodesAvail and/or; .,D i,,~ t _J sp.\ l" ita7 February 1984 TOP 2-2-710 Armored Vehicle Vulilerability to Conventional Weapons, 2-2-617I*Resistance to Severe Shock (Armored Vehicles), 2-2-6202 Armor Weldments, 2-2_7113 Protection of Armored Vehicles Against Kinetic Energy Projectiles,2 2 e715eFragment Penetration Tests of Armor, 2-2-7225 Ballistic Testing of Personnel Armor Materials, 10-2-50662. BACKGROUND. Before a specific armor type and configuration can be selectedto provide the desired protection for an armored vehicle, samples of the armormust be subjected to the attack conditions anticipated. The most important ofthese condiLions is attack by 'kinetic energy (KE) projectiles.

6 Over the years,much effort has been directed townrd developing the optimum sampling technique( , the velocities at which projectiles are fired) to provide a Juantitativemeasare of the capability of armor to resist perforation by KE projectiles. Themost significant of these techniques are included in this TOP. Also important,but requiring less sophisticated testing, are evaluations of aruor 'istance toattack by high-explosive antitank (HEAT) projectiles, hig'i-explosive (HIS) projec-tiles, high-explo3ive plastic (HEP) projectiles, land mines, and projectile frag-ments. All of these except projectile fragments are covered in this addition to the concern about whether a certain type of attack will or willnot defeat an armor target, it is important in the case of defeats to know towhat extent the armor was defeated.

7 This determination involves an appraisal ofbehind-the-plate lethality in terms of the damaging potential of armor fragmntsdisplaced to the rear of the plate and of projectile fragments that pass throughthe samples can be in the form of flat plates (either rolled, cast, or welded),forgings, extrusions, castings, angular welded joints, spaced armor arrangement,or composites. The materials currently being used or developed for armor ap-plications include steel, aluminum, titanium, ceramics, glass, nylon and otherfabrics, and plastics, as well as composite and spaced arrangements of exhauttive discussion of armor and armor testing is contained in DARCOM-Pi 706-170.'3. FACILITIES AND REQUI REMENTF iring ranges Various, te 100 m long,both open and enclosed.

8 Oneopen range 200 m longProjectilee: AP, ball, fragment- Indicated by test directive orsimulating, IE, HEAT, HEP, plate specificationproofing and appropriate weapons*Footnote numbers correspond to references in Appendix February 1984 TOP 2-2-710 ITEM REQUIRMFENTC ooling chamber liquic' CO2 or -46' C (-50 F) capabilitymechanical); dry ice when re-quired (para and ..7)Slotted supports or "butts" for Discussed in Appendix Bholding test plates securelyac desired obliquityBackup support for thin plates Described in Appendix GQuarter-scale mine test facility Described in para plates: steel Indicated in para alloy Described in Appendix A para'2cCameras: high-speed Indicated in para Described in Appendix D para 2 Special velocity panel and recov- Described in para medium for lethality testFlash radiographic units for test- Described in TOP 4-2-8258ing lethality (para ), resistanceto RIP projectiles (para ), endyaw when appropriate (Appendix Dpars 4) PERMISSIBLEITEM ERROR OF MEASUREMENT*Thermocouples with potentiometer +10 C (20 F)or recorder for mine tests ( )Velocit-s-easurini instrumenta- Velocity to 1,700 m/s + (TOP 4-2-805 ) (5,600 fps)4.

9 REQUIRED TEST In preparing to test armor, establish the correct plate obliquity,taking into account such factors as compound obliquity, compensation for dif-ferent heights of gun barrel and target, and angLe of fall of projectile at simu-lated ranges, all of which are discussed in Appendix B.*Values can be assumed to represent +2 standard deviations; thus, the statedtolerances should not be exceeded in more than I measurement of February 1984 TOP 2-2-710b. Before firing takes place, the type of balligtic limit to be determinedmust be established (Appendix A). The data to record regarding plate and projec-tile damage must also be established (Appendix C). Early ammunition firingsshould aetermine whether yaw will be a problem (Appendix D).5. TEST Resistance-to-Penetration Test.

10 The resistance-to-penetration test measuresthe ability of armor to withstand attack by KE projectiles or simulated projec-tile fragments. This property is determined by firing projectiles at the armortarget and varying the conditions from round to round in an effort to determinethose critical conditions wherein there is an equal probability of defeating thetarget and not defeating the target; , P(D) To express this propertyquantitatively, it is necessary first to define what constitutes a defeat of thearmor (Appendix A) and second to describe the firing procedure employed ( ). V50 Ballistic Limit. The V50 ballistic limit (in m/s) is the usual meansof expressing the ballistic protection property of armor. It is obtained byholding the thickness and obliquity of the armor target constant while varyingthe projectile velocity from round to round by adjusting the weight of propel-lant.