PotteryinArchaeology,SecondEdition - Assets

1 pottery in archaeology , Second EditionThis revised edition provides an up-to-date account of the many different kinds of informationthat can be obtained through the archaeological study of pottery . It describes the scientificand quantitative techniques that are now available to the archaeologist and assesses their valuefor answering a range of archaeological questions. It provides a manual for the basic handlingand archiving of excavated pottery so that it can be used as a basis for further studies. Thewhole is set in the historical context of the ways in which archaeologists have sought to gainevidence from pottery and continue to do so. There are case studies of several approachesand techniques, backed up by an extensive Orton is Emeritus Professor of Quantitative archaeology at UCL Institute of Archae-ology. He has won the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Ralph Merrifield Awardfor service to London archaeology and the British Archaeological Awards Lifetime Achieve-ment Award.

2 He is a member of the archaeology Data Service Management Committee, amember of the advisory board forJournal of Quantitative archaeology , the editor ofLondonArchaeologist, a member of the editorial board forArchaeologia e Calcolatori, chairman ofSouthwark & Lambeth Archaeological Excavation Committee and chair of Gresham ShipSteering Committee. His most recent books includeThe pottery from Medieval Novgorod andIts Region(2006)andSampling in archaeology (2000).Michael Hughes was Principal Scientific Officer at The British Museum, Department ofConservation and Scientific Research and Senior Lecturer in Forensic Science and Bioscienceat University of East London. His work has been published inArchaeometry, Journal ofArchaeological Science, Studies in Conservation, Medieval archaeology , Medieval Ceramics andOxford Journal of archaeology , among in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationCambridge Manuals in ArchaeologyGeneral EditorGraeme Barker,University of CambridgeAdvisory EditorsElizabeth Slater,University of LiverpoolPeter Bogucki.

3 Princeton UniversityCambridge Manuals in archaeology is a series of reference handbooks designed for aninternational audience of upper-level undergraduate and graduate students and professionalarchaeologists and archaeological scientists in universities, museums, research laboratoriesand field units. Each book includes a survey of current archaeological practice alongsideessential reference material on contemporary techniques and in the seriesVertebrate Taphonomy, in archaeology and Conservation,2nd edition, PETER G. DORRELLA lluvial Geoarchaeology, , CHERYL CLAASENS ampling in archaeology , CLIVE ORTONE xcavation,STEVEROSKAMSTe e t h ,2nd edition, SIMON HILLSONL ithics,2nd edition, WILLIAM ANDREFSKY, Information Systems in archaeology , JAMES CONOLLY and MARK LAKED emography in archaeology , ANDREW CHAMBERLAINA nalytical Chemistry in archaeology , , , ,2nd edition, ELIZABETH J. REITZ and ELIZABETH S. WINGQ uantitative Paleozoology, , TONY WALDRONF ishes, ALWYNE WHEELER and ANDREW K.

4 G. JONESA rchaeological Illustrations, LESLEY ADKINS and ROY ADKINSB irds, DALE in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationPottery in archaeology ,Second EditionClive OrtonInstitute of archaeology , University College LondonMichael HughesThe British in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationcambridge university pressCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,Singapore, S ao Paulo, Delhi, Mexico CityCambridge University Press32 Avenue of the Americas, New York,ny 10013-2473, on this title: Clive Orton and Michael Hughes1993,2013 This publication is in copyright.

5 Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of cambridge University published1993 Second edition published2013 Printed in the United States of AmericaA catalog record for this publication is available from the British of Congress Cataloguing in Publication DataOrton, Clive,1944 in archaeology / Clive Orton, Institute of archaeology , University College London,Michael Hughes, The British Museum. Second cm. ( cambridge manuals in archaeology )Includes bibliographical references and 978-1-107-00874-8(hardback) isbn 978-1-107-40130-3(paperback) archaeology Methodology. I. Hughes, Mike,1944 author. II. 0285 dc232012037613isbn 978-1-107-00874-8 Hardbackisbn 978-1-107-40130-3 PaperbackCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy ofurlsforexternal or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guaranteethat any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology .

6 Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationCONTENTSList of FigurespagexiiiList of TablesxvPrefacexviiAcknowledgmentsxixpar t i history and potential1 History of pottery Studies3 Introduction3 The Art-Historical Phase5 The Typological Phase7 The Contextual Phase12 Parallel Themes Ethnography14 Parallel Themes Production and Technology15 Parallel Themes Scientific Methods17 Parallel Themes Quantification21 The Way Ahead222 The Potential of pottery as Archaeological Evidence24 Aims24 Foundational Data25 Integrated Data33 Interpreting Data35 Implications for Practice36part ii practicalities: a guide to pottery processing and recording3 Integration with Research Designs414 Life in the Pot in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationviiicontentsIntroduction46 Setting up Base47 Collection Policy and Practice48 Initial Processing50 Equipment51 Retrieval Procedures52 Cleaning and Drying54 Initial Recording and Processing55 Initial Viewing and Spot-Dating57 Sorting58 Physical Reconstruction59 Cataloguing60 Computers in pottery Research65To Ke e p o r N o t t o Ke e p695 Fabric Analysis71 Introduction71 Equipment71 Firing Characteristics72 Inclusions75 The Matrix76 Creating and Using a Fabric Type-Series776 Classification of Form and Decoration81 Introduction81 Uses of Form Data81 Creating and Using a Form Type-Series82 Describing Shapes85 Vessels and Sherds85 Decoration86 Decoration Type-Series907 Illustration93 Introduction93 The Purpose of Illustrations93 Drawing Pottery95 Photography1008 pottery Archives104 Introduction104 Uses of Archives104 Practical in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge

7 University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationcontentsix9 Publication113 Introduction113 Purpose of Report114 Layout of Report115 Indexing and Correlation115 Minimum Standards of Publication115 Computer Media116 pottery Specialists Do It on Their Own117 Summary117part iii themes in ceramic studies10 Making Pottery121 Introduction121 Raw Materials for pottery Manufacture122 Clay Preparation125 Forming125 Surface Treatments133 Drying134 Firing13411 archaeology by Experiment140 Introduction140 Questions about Production140 Questions about Use14312 Craft Specialisation and Standardisation of Production144 Introduction144 Archaeological Evidence145 Discussion148 Implications for Theory14913 pottery Fabrics150 Why Look at Fabrics?151 Visual Examination155 Archaeometric (Scientific) Techniques: Introduction160 Archaeometric Techniques: Petrological Analysis162 Archaeometric Techniques: Compositional Analysis168 Archaeometric Techniques.

8 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) andMaterials Science Approaches182 Integration of Scientific and Archaeological in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationxcontents14 Form190 Introduction190 Approaches to the Classification of Shape191 The Type-Series Approach191 Formal Classification Systems192 Measurement-Based Classification192 Geometric Shapes196 Mathematical Curves as Descriptions of Shape197 Automatic Capture of Shapes198 Classification of Manufacturing Stages20015 Quantification203 Introduction203 The Sampling Basis204 Uses of Comparisons of Assemblages205 Assessment of Measures206 Practicalities208 Are the Assemblages Really Different?210 How Big Should an Assemblage be?212 Case-Studies213 Spin-offs215 Discussion21816 Chronology219 Introduction219 Pinning Down Dates220 Bringing the Evidence Together225 Seriation226 ACaseStudy232 Polemic23317 Production and Distribution235 Information Content of Distribution236 Distribution of Artefact Types238 Sources of Supply to a Site241 The Identification of Source from Distribution24418 pottery and Function246 Individual Vessel Function246 Function, Production and Distribution259 Symbolic in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationcontentsxi19 Assemblages and Sites262 pottery Life Expectancy262 Sherd-Links264 Field Survey Data267 Sherds after Burial269 The Role of Quantification271 Conclusion: The Future of pottery Studies273 Appendix1: Suggested Recording Systems for pottery from Archaeological Sites275 Appendix2.

9 Scientific Databases and Other Resources for in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore of early illustrations of excavated vertical emphasis of the typological in to show proportions of pottery from the Alice Holt kilnsfound on different sites in south-east England in the periodAD270 French bronze cauldron and its earthenware in the pot type-series stored on ceramic of different functions derived from the same basic Unwrapped same vessel drawn by four of individual pottery storage of on Berber potter making large two basic types of potter s potter using a single open Roman experimental kiln in the appearance of pottery cross in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore photomicrograph of Killke Ware.

10 Of textural components analysis plot of Mimbres and Jomada photomicrograph of Italian description of ceramic use of ratios and use of principal components tangent-profile typology decision bias of vessels represented analysis plot of Pueblo de los Muertos analysis plot of medieval ware diagram of rims of poppy-head inscribed with its date of for the production of pottery and similarity diagrams or of assemblages by multidimensional of forms by of groups of Glastonbury of late Roman Argonne analysis of Oxfordshire supply to Chelmsford at different with a painted showing wear on the effect of different life expectancies on distribution of sherd-links at Sandal of surface pottery with underlying pottery recording recording between recording sheets and inclusion estimation estimation sorting in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationTA B L E of the main phases and themes in the study ofarchaeological stages in pottery from clay to compositional of brokenness for pottery assemblages from the Devil s of completeness for pottery assemblages from the Devil s hardness scale and to identification of inclusions in for for construction and surface in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore in this web service cambridge University PressCambridge University Press978-1-107-00874-8 - pottery in archaeology , Second EditionClive Orton and Michael HughesFrontmatterMore informationPREFACEThe first edition of this book was conceived in1981, but did not come to fruitionuntil1991, as a joint project between Paul Tyers, Alan Vince and me.