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4 5 ------------------ 5-1. 5 1 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- 5-1. 5 2 ------------------------------ 5-6. 5 3 -----------------------5-17. ii 1 . 1 1 . 1 1 1 . IT .. IT .. 1 1 2 .. 1 2 .. 3 .. 1-1.. 1-2.. 1 3 . 2 3 4 .. (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . (5) . 1-3. 2 . 2 1 .. 1983 . 90 , 2000 .. 64.. 2 1 1 . (1) .. 2-1.. , 2002b .. , 2002b . (Mills et al., 1998) .. Raine et al., 1998a; 1998b 20 .. , 2001a .. (2) .. 1969 118 1979 132 1998 446 . GO/NO-GO 2000 .. GO/NO-GO . NO-GO . 46 . (Casey et al., 1997; Konishi et. al., 1998; Durston et al., 2002; Casey , 2000 . GO/NO-GO .. 2-2.)

5 5 .. 1969 . 1979 . 1969 . 1979 . 1998 6 1 . 1969 1979 .. 2000 .. , 2001a; , 2001; , 2001 .. 2-3.. , 2002a .. , 2001 .. 2-4.. , 2001 .. , 2001 .. 2000 .. 1969 1979.. 1969 1979 . 1998 .. 446 130 108 105 . 1998 6. 1 .. 1998 1979 . 1979 . 2-5. 1998 .. 1983 .. (3) .. 1.. (2001a) .. 2001a . 2001a PET positron emission tomography; .. 2-6. McVeigh, 2001 . 10 .. 30 . PET .. 1 .. , 2002a, 2002b .. Mainichi interactive News [ obby/game/news/news/2002/07/0. ] .. 2002 .. 2002 .. EMS-100 3 . 900 .. 85% 2002 .. 2-7.. 20 240 . 4 . 1 .. 2002 .. 1 4 .. 1 .. 2 1 2 .. 3 2 3 1 1 3 .. 4 4 6 1 2 7 .. 2000 . , 2002 .. CIEC, 2002; , 2002 RPG.

6 2-8.. RPG .. , 2002a . McCabe et al., 2001 McCabe et al. trust & reciprocity . fMRI. 1 . 2 1 . 2 1 . 1 . 2 .. 2-9.. Kingdom of Chaos .. 2002 .. 1 .. 3 2 1 .. 1 . 3 1 . 1 .. 2-10. Durston et al. 2002 Go/No-go .. Casey et al., 2000 .. fMRI .. 2002 .. 3 .. ( , 2002) . PET fMRI .. (Phillips, 2002; Frictionless Insight, 2002) .. 2-11.. RPG .. , 2002 .. 2-12.. RPG . 2 2 4 .. 2 5 3 . 2 .. 2-13.. Goffinet et al., 1990; , 1992; Calhoun et al., 2002; , 2002 . Goffinet et al. 1990 PET . 13 MoonCrash .. fMRI . 12 10 2 Need for Speed .. Calhoun et al., 2002 . 2 160-224km/h . 100-140km/h .. Calhoun et al. 2002.

7 , 2002; CIEC, 2002 .. 1992 PET .. PET Perceptual Maze Test .. 2-14.. BA8 . Ghatan et al., 1995 . Ghatan et al 1995 .. PET . Shulman et al. (1997 .. 2002 NIRS 9 8 . 1 . 4 Fz .. , 2002 .. , 2002 .. 2-15. CIEC, 2002 .. RPG .. fm . , 1991;. , 1994 .. 2002 .. fm , 1991; , 1994;. Laukka et al., 1995; Yamada, 1998; Smith et al., 1999; Asada & Yamada, 1999;. Slobounov et al., 2000 . fm . 2-16. fm . fm . 6? 7Hz Ishihara & Yoshii, 1972 . fm . Yamada, 1998 .. Nakashima & Sato, 1992; , 1994 .. Mizuki et al., 1982; Nakashima & Sato, 1992 . MEG fm 2001 . fm . 6-7 . Ghatan et al. 1995 .. Ghatan et al.. fm . fm.)

8 1994 20 12 8 . QUARTH . fm . fm . fm . fm .. Laukka et al. 1995 . fm .. Asada & Yamada 1999 12 . 2-17. 10 2 . 3 2 3 10 . 2 fm . fm .. fm . 3 . fm . fm .. fm . fm . fm .. 75 25 .. Slobounov et al. 2000 . Frustrated Maze .. fm .. 10 3 .. fm . , 1991; Yamada, 1998 . fm . 2-18.. Koepp et al., 1998 .. (4) .. 1 10 100 110.. , 2001a, 2002a, 2002b 3 . (2001b) .. 2-19.. 46 Atherton et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2002 .. fm .. Sakai et al., 1998; Hikosaka et al., 1999 .. Hikosaka et al.(1999) .. 1 .. 2-20.. fMRI Sakai et al 1998 . 2 10 task . 2 2 2 . 7 6 1 .. Tower of London Baker et al., 1996; Dagher et al., 1999; Van den Heuvel et al.

9 , 2003 Tower of Hanoi Fincham et al., 2001 .. 2-21.. PET .. NIRS .. (5) .. Anderson & Dill, 2000; , 1999a, 2001;. Colwell & Payne, 2000 . 2001 .. 2-22.. BGM .. , 1999b .. 7 13 148 . 2001 .. 2001 .. 2-23.. 2 1 2 .. 2001a 2002 .. 2-24. , 2001a; 2002b; , 2002;. Phillips, 2002 .. Casey et al., 2000 .. Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. 2000 Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 772-790. 2001 . , 8, 147-152. Asada H. & Yamada F. 1999 Blinks and frontal midline theta rhythms in EEG during videogames reflect a state of attention.

10 In M. Sato et al. (Eds.), Recent advances in physiological anthropology. Kyusyu University Press. Atherton, M., Zhuang, J., Bart, W. M., Hu, X., & He, S. 2002 A functional MRI. study of high-level cognition: I. The game of chess. Cognitive Brain Research, 16, 26-31. Baker, S. C., Rogers, R. D., Owen, A. M., Frith, C. D., Dolan, R. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J. & Robbins, T. W. 1996 Neural systems engaged by planning: A PET study of the Tower of London task. Neuropsychologia, 34, 515-526. Calhoun, V. D., Pekar, J. J., McGinty, V. B., Adali, T., Watson, T. D., & Pearlson, G. D. 2002 Different activation dynamics in multiple neural systems during 2-25.