SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING PULSE WIDTH …

1 SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING PULSE WIDTH MODULATION A Project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B. Tech in Electrical Engineering By RUPESH KUMAR (EE2015/043) MRITUNJOY RAY (EE2015/001) SRIDEEP BASAK (EE2015/009) TITAS RAY (EE2016/L02) Under the supervision of Mr. DIPANKAR SANTRA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Co-Guide MR. SARBOJIT MUKHERJEE ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Department of Electrical Engineering RCC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CANAL SOUTH ROAD, BELIAGHATA, KOLKATA 700015, WEST BENGAL Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT) 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is my great fortune that I have got opportunity to carry out this project work under the supervision of Mr. Dipankar Santra and Mr. Sarbojit Mukherjee in the Department of Electrical Engineering, RCC Institute of Information Technology (RCCIIT), Canal South Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700015, affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), West Bengal, India.

2 I express my sincere thanks and deepest sense of gratitude to my guide for his constant support, unparalleled guidance and limitless encouragement. I wish to convey my gratitude to Prof. (Dr.) Debasish Mondal, HOD, Department of Electrical Engineering, RCCIIT and to the authority of RCCIIT for providing all kinds of infrastructural facility towards the research work. I would also like to convey my gratitude to all the faculty members and staffs of the Department of Electrical Engineering, RCCIIT for their whole hearted cooperation to make this work turn into reality. Full Signature of Students Place: Date: CERTIFICATE To whom it may concern This is to certify that the project work entitled SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING PULSE WIDTH MODULATION is the bonafide work carried out by Rupesh Kumar ,Mritunjoy Ray ,Srideep Basak ,Titas Ray a student of in the Dept.

3 Of Electrical Engineering, RCC Institute of Information Technology (RCCIIT), Canal South Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700015, affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), West Bengal, India, during the academic year 2018-19, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering and that this project has not submitted previously for the award of any other degree, diploma and fellowship. _____ _____ Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Name: DIPANKAR SANTRA Name: Dr. DEBASISH MONDAL Designation: ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Designation: ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD _____ _____ Signature of the Co-Guide Signature of the External Examiner Name: SARBOJIT MUKHERJEE Name: Designation: ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Designation: TABLE OF CONTENTS: List of Figures i Abstract iii 1.

4 INTRODUCTION 1 2. DC MOTOR 2 INTRODUCTION TO SPEED CONTROL 2 CLASSIFICATION OF DC MOTORS 2 SPEED CONTROL METHODS 4 FLUX CONTROL METHOD 4 ARMATURE AND RHEOSTAT CONTROL METHOD 5 VOLTAGE CONTROL METHOD 7 MULTIPLE CONTROL VOLTAGE 7 WARD LEONARD SYSTEM 7 PWM TECHNIQUE 9 3. PWM TECHNIQUE 10 4. DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING PWM METHOD 12 PRINCIPLE 12 METHODS 14 ANALOGUE METHOD 14 DIGITAL METHOD 15 PWM GENERATOR CHIP 15 5. SOLDERING 16 SOLDERING IRON 16 SOLDERING STATION 16 SOLDERING IRON TIPS 16 BRASS OR CONVENTIONAL SPONGE 17 SOLDERING IRON STAND 17 SOLDER 17 6. BLOCK DIAGRAM 18 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 19 POWER SUPPLY 19 ICC 555 TIMER 20 PIN DIAGRAM OF IC 555 TIMER 21 555 TIMER WORKING 22 TRANSISTOR 23 APPLICATION 24 DC MOTOR 24 potentiometer 25 7.

5 COMPONENTS 26 COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR SPEED CONTROL 26 COMPONENT LIST OF 12V POWER SUPPLY 26 8. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 27 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SPEED CONTROL 27 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT 28 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR 12V POWER SUPPLY 29 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT 29 9. HARDWARE MODEL 33 10. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 34 11. CONCLUSION 37 12. FUTURE SCOPE 38 APPENDIX A: SPECIFICATIONS OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS 39 REFERENCES 42 Page | i List of Figures: Figure Page No. 1. Types of MOTOR 2-3 2. Flux CONTROL Method 5 3. Armature or rheostat CONTROL Method 5 4. SPEED vs Armature Current Graph 6 5. Structural Arrangement of Ward Leonard System 8 6. 5V Pulses With 0% through 100% duty cycle 10 7. Simple SPEED Controller 11 8. PULSE WIDTH Modulation Waveform 13-14 9. Block Diagram of an Analogue PWM Generator 14 10.

6 Block Diagram 18 11. 12V Power Supply 19 12. Pin Diagram of IC555 Timer 21 13. IC555 Timer 23 14. Darlington Pair npn Transistor 23 15. TIP122 24 16. 12 Volt DC MOTOR 25 17. potentiometer 25 18. Circuit Diagram for SPEED CONTROL 27 19. Circuit Diagram for 12 V Supply 29 20. Full Wave Bridge Rectifier with I/p and O/p Waveform 31 21. 12V Supply Circuit (Hardware) 33 22. Circuit of SPEED CONTROL (Hardware) 33 23. Complete Circuit (Hardware) 33 Page | ii 24. PULSE at Different Duty Cycle 35 25. PULSE at Different Frequencies 35 26. MOTOR SPEED and Voltage at Different PWM Frequency 36 27. MOTOR SPEED and Voltage at Different Duty Cycle 36 Page | iii ABSTRACT: In Industry DC MOTOR is widely uses for SPEED CONTROL and load characteristics, it s easy controllability provide effective and precise output.

7 So, application of DC MOTOR is large for commercial purpose. SPEED CONTROL of DC MOTOR is very crucial in application where required SPEED is precision and correcting signal representing and to operate MOTOR at constant SPEED ,so we used PWM method which are fulfil all requirements to SPEED CONTROL of DC based SPEED CONTROL system consists of electronic components (integrated circuit , potentiometer etc).In this Project 555 timer (NE55P) is being operated in astable mode, which produce a continuous HIGH and LOW pulses. The 555 Timer is capable of generating PWM signal when set up in an astable mode. In this mode, the 555 IC can be used as a PULSE WIDTH modulator with a few small adjustments to the circuit. The frequency of operation of the circuit is provided by the passive parameters of resistances and capacitors attached to it. The SPEED CONTROL of DC MOTOR is important in applications where precision and protection are of essence.

8 The variable SPEED drives, till a couple of decades back, had various limitations, such as poor efficiencies, larger space, lower speeds, etc., However, the advent power electronic devices such as power MOSFETs, IGBTs etc., and today we have variable SPEED drive systems which are not only in the smaller in size but also very efficient, highly reliable and meeting all the stringent demands of various industries of modern era. Direct currents (DC) motors have been used in variable SPEED drives for a long time. The versatile characteristics of dc motors can provide high starting torques which is required for traction drives. CONTROL over a wide SPEED range, both below and above the rated SPEED can be very easily achieved. The methods of SPEED CONTROL are simpler and less expensive than those of alternating current motors. There are different techniques available for the SPEED CONTROL of DC motors.

9 The phase CONTROL method is widely adopted in which ac to dc converters are used to supply the dc motors, but has certain limitations mainly it generates harmonics on the power line and it also has poor when operated at lower speeds. The second method is pwm technique, which has got better advantages over the phase CONTROL . In order to have better open loop SPEED CONTROL as demand varies frequently like in traction system and many operations in industry must be CONTROL manually, PWM is most efficient and Page | iv cheap SPEED CONTROL method for dc drives. By varying resistor pot only, we can CONTROL the SPEED of MOTOR states that simple and easy method. Page | 1 1. INTRODUCTION: In this project, I will show How SPEED CONTROL of DC MOTOR can be implemented USING 555 timer and PULSE WIDTH Modulation (PWM). Most of the industrial process requires to be run on the certain parameters where SPEED of the drive is concerned.

10 The electric drive systems used in many industrial applications require higher performance, reliability, variable SPEED due to its ease of controllability. The SPEED CONTROL of DC MOTOR is important in applications where precision and protection are of essence. Purpose of a MOTOR SPEED controller is to take a signal representing the required SPEED and to drive a MOTOR at that SPEED . In this project controller presented uses the PULSE WIDTH modulation (PWM) technique for SPEED CONTROL of DC MOTOR . We use DC Motors in many systems in our day to day life. For example, CPU fans, fume extinguishers, toy cars etc. are all DC Motors which are operated by DC power supply. Most of the times we will have to adjust the SPEED of the motors as per our requirement. A CPU Fan for example, must be operated at high SPEED when the CPU is preforming heavy tasks like games or video editing.