The role of teacher's authority in students' learning

1 Journal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) , , 2015 1 the role of teacher 's authority in students ' learning Dr. Zohreh Esmaeili1 Hosein Mohamadrezai2, Abdolah Mohamadrezai2 1. Assistant professor of department of educational science and psychology, Payame Noor University, pobox19395-3697 Tehran, IR of IRAN 2. MA, curriculum development, Payame Noor University, Iran Abstract The current article attempts to examine the relation between authority styles of teachers and learning of students of secondary school of district 9 Tehran. The researcher has collected theoretical information by library method and then arranged the field information from teachers of secondary schools of district 9 of Tehran by questionnaire; the sample size has been selected randomly with number of 200 persons.

2 For collecting information and data for analysis, one has used researcher-made questionnaire of authority and learning . In this stage one has consulted with advisor professors and consultants and experts to design questionnaire and thus it has been ensured that the questionnaires are characterized with desired properties. In this research one has used the Cronbach's alpha method for determining the reliability of the test. the results of Pearson test has shown that considering the significance level, all sources of authority of teachers has significant relation with students learning . It implies that as the teachers' authority level increases, the students learning ranks in higher level in the studied society. Key words: teacher 's authority , authority resources, learning Introduction Classroom is a preliminary stage for educational activities and it is a position for preparing people for living in a changing world. Classroom is a place that some direct services are provided for students so that they develop individually and socially and the requirement for healthy and holistic society development can be provided (Khalkhali, 2010).

3 Instruction or class management is a part of education and is referred as a part of educational activities that takes place with presence of the teacher in classroom. Four special traits can be found in the definition of the instruction, including: interaction between teacher and students , activity based upon predetermined objectives, organized design with view to situation and facilities, developing opportunities and facilitating learning (Zahed Babelan, 2012). Therefore class management can be considered as an important indicator in teachers' task is a complicated take that is referred as an "Art". This concept is frequently heard in famous motto of "the teaching is an art". For example, as we know the experience is an important component in any activity. Butit is often seen that the experiences have not been effective in various conditions. This suggests the dynamic principle within human relations management.

4 In such conditions, the insight is useful and it evaluates the power of teacher 's management. Teachers are managers of their own classrooms and the class is a special organization that achievement degree in managing them is related to extent of ability of teacher in different fields particularly in personality field. Successful teachers are managers that their product is satisfying and delightful for themselves as well as for their students . Such teachers make learning as a sweet and memorable experience (Bayani, 1999). Today educational psychologist believes that effective management of classroom can increase student learning opportunities. But researches show that classroom management does not seem to be an easy task. The classroom as a smallest educational sub-system is changing as consequence of alteration in the social orders. Among classroom components, the role of the teacher and its management style is highly important and essential for succeeding in educational objectives of students in proportion of today world.

5 Teachers in classrooms should select their management styles in proportion with students ' personality traits and teaching methods in such manner that the students can have opportunities of developing types of skills through practice in the classroom (Khalkhali, 2010). Thus the current research is designed for responding to following hypothesis: 1- There is a relation between teachers' legitimate authority within classroom and students ' learning . Journal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) , , 2015 2 2- There is a relation between teachers' specialized authority within classroom and students ' learning . 3- There is a relation between teachers' reference authority within classroom and students ' learning . 4- There is a relation between teachers' reward authority within classroom and students ' learning .

6 5- There is a relation between teachers' punishment authority within classroom and students ' learning . Theoretical basics Definition of authority concept authority concept has close relation with the concept of power and influence. authority means legitimate power. authority is meant as power based upon satisfaction. The influence of political leaders is entitled when they are inclined toward authority . The authority is one of the most effective forms of the influence and not only it is more reliable and durable than the force but it is a factor that helps the leadership in governing with least usage of political resources. Authorities' properties Legitimacy: this trait determines the effectiveness of the authority . Dominance: the individual or group having the authority dominates on other people. Substantiality: the authority is not an apparent power, because it has some traits that from the main visage of the power. Rationality: the base of the authority is rationality and logics.

7 Responsibility: having authority brings responsibility for who have it and who accept the authority (Nazari, 2014). learning is one of the most important fields of educational system that over history has been addressed by philosophers. The main components of learning are teacher and student. The reason of emphasis on the role of the teacher and student, especially teacher within learning process is the influence of other educational factors such as educational objectives, Curriculum, textbook content, and teaching methods takes place through teacher to the learners. For the same reason, education system at fist should direct any kind of improvement and revision within educational system to the learning process and the role of teacher and student (particularly the teacher ) (Samadi & Mazidi, 2005). Louis examined 21 elementary school and 21 secondary schools for the role of discipline of classroom in improving the responsibly for stable learning and increasing sense of security within class and found out that the forced discipline obstruct the students responsibility growth, and this detaches them from school tasks.

8 By this token, it can be specified that the punishment cannot reduce aggressive behaviors. Then solving the problem of aggressive behavior probably needs teacher special attention and approach. since 1930 so on new notions have emerged about teachers based on the fact that the teachers should have power of recognize and evaluation and the talent of class leadership, they should be able to recognize and treat students ' learning problems and the successful teacher is one that have ability of compatibility, flexibility, charisma, usefulness and considerateness, reliability and innovation and in professional dimension it should be well-informed, aware from the material, purposeful and with decent teaching method. Ryan in 1960 within a study pointed out to three important factors for achievement of teachers: 1- warm and sincere relation of teacher with students ' understanding 2- organized and planned activity in classroom 3- motivating and fictional activity In the following of these examinations in 1970, Flander presented effective pointed of teachers' activities within a research and considered the teaching into two direct and indirect methods.

9 Direct method is an individual method lecture, criticizing, orienting and justification just from the teacher . But the indirect methods relying Journal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) , , 2015 3 on participative methods and contribution of students in the teaching procedure and the research showed that the students of teachers that have used indirect method have better approach toward learning process as well as greater and better learning . In 1973 two researcher Rozneshin and Feverst mentioned five important traits in a research for a successful teacher that the first and second traits were the same mentioned by Ryan. Like warmth and intimacy of teacher and directing students ' activity and the third trait is transparence and precision and doing question and answer.

10 In 1978 Berliner in a new examination about the teaching method and class management declared that the most important factor in teacher success in the school is attention to the time of students ' activity in practical activities (Nazari, 2014). Types of teachers' authorities teacher for having dominance to the classroom need to have authority , because anyone as a responsible position should have authority for being able to accomplish its tasks. A teacher for persevering the peace and order in the world needs authority resources. Taber in 2007 and Assug in 1991 by inspiring from theory of French and Rawn (1960) named five kinds of authority , including: legal, incentive, specialty, reference and punishment authorities. By this token, teachers can develop an appropriate environment for students learning in classroom by using authority resources. In the following one describes these authority resources (Mesrabadi, Badri, & Vahedi, 2010). Legal authority : Some roles regardless of who performs them comprise authority .