위치인식UWB 기술동향및응용사례

1 2008. 7. 17. u-PAN 2008. 7. 17. u-PAN UWB UWB 2/50 UWB : IEEE UWB UWB : IEEE : IEEE ETRI / ETRI ETRI // UWB UWB UWB 3/50 UWB UWB 5% : 20m 1m ? ? PHYLR-WPAN2004 ComplexityPower UWB(400 Mbps) UWB4/50 IEEE IEEE : 1m , UWB UWB 2007 3 UWB / 2005 3 : 26 : ~ : Device 1 Kbps , Coordinator 1 Mbps : 30m , , / 5/50 UWB UWB 1m - IEEE ( )[ IEEE ]SOP: 4 : Kbps~ Mbps : 30m :1m : AA IEEE + SOP : Simultaneous Operating SOP.

2 Simultaneous Operating PiconetPiconet6/50 , (ETRI, TES, IMEC)< 30m< 60cm 2nS ISM (nanotron] (Ubisense, Time Domain) (TI, Ember ] (MS, Intel ) , (MIT) , , (AT&T, Robotics) < 30m< 30m< 30m< 100m< 10m< m < 1m ID, Beacon cm BS RF TX RF TDOA 10cmWiFi RSSI < 5mZigBee RSSI < 2~3m UWB 1 GHz < Interference 7/50 IRIR--UWB UWB behaviorFrequency-domain behaviorImpulseModulation310 GHzfrequencyUltrawidebandUltrawidebandCommunicationCommunicationtime101(FCC Min=500 Mhz)z nsec pulse , zLow duty cycle zFCC Definition of UWB(1) Fractional Bandwidth (BW) > 20%(2) Absolute BW > 500 MHz8/50 IEEE IEEE (1)(1)UWB UWB 0, 3, 9 Mandatory Optional Mandatory Sub-GHz band, Low-band, High-band 3.))

3 16 0 4,7,11,15 9/50 IEEE IEEE (2)(2)SubSub--GHz BandGHz BandMaterial propagation Material propagation There are options that the US FCC allows subThere are options that the US FCC allows sub GHz for position location GHz for position location applications: FCC allowed energy density applications: FCC allowed energy density 61dBm/MHz61dBm/MHz3D position tracking 3D position tracking Low frequencies have better propagation characteristics Low frequencies have better propagation characteristics Low frequencies experience less shadowing Low frequencies experience less shadowing Results in high accuracy first arrival detection Results in high accuracy first arrival detection 5 Partitions:5 Partitions:10dB advantages over low10dB advantages over low band!

4 Band!texttextNode ANode BNode ANode A B: advantages over advantages over low band!band!10/50 UWB UWB Cellular, GPSPCS, Wibro, S-DMB , , EIRP Density, dBm /MHzUWB High-band: ~ GHzUWB Low-band ~ GHz 0 Frequency (GHz) UWB ~ (600 MHz ) DAA 2010 6 Low-band DAA (Detection and Avoid) 11/50 IEEE IEEE , , EIRP Density, dBm /MHzHigh-bandDAA Low-band DAA Frequency (GHz) ~ (DAA) : 5mS , 1 (IR-UWB)12/50[ ][ ] Timing 1 2 TimingTrackingPHR IEEE IRIEEE IR--UWB UWB SFD : Start Frame DelimiterSFD.

5 Start Frame Delimiter13/50 IEEE IEEE (1)(1)IEEE Baseband Reference Root Raised Cosine (RRC) : (Tp=2nS, roll-off factor= )IRIR--UWB SignalUWB SignalIEEE Transmit PSD mask IR-UWB waveformfc-centered 500 MHz band-limited signal ( ] nsec , , / 14/50 IEEE IEEE (2)(2)UWB PulseUWB PulseReference pulse RRC Cross correlation 1nsec [ex: 8thorder Butterworth pulse][Reference RRC pulse][Cross correlation ] : 15/50 IEEE IEEE IRIR--UWB waveformUWB waveformfc-centered band-limited signal 1. Baseband pulse Up-conversion cos(2)ft [1. Up-conversion ][2.)

6 ]16/50 IEEE IRIEEE IR--UWB UWB 00 Positive pulse0110 Negative pulse11[ 1 Preamble : Ternary code ][ 1 : BPM+BPSK ]16 pulse ( )17/50 IEEE IEEE UWB RangingUWB RangingRanging : TWR TOA (or TOF) IEEE Ranging 1m @500 MHZ BW roundATreplyBTptpt2roundAreplyBpTTt =TOA :TWR : TwoTWR : Two Way RangingWay RangingTOA : TimeTOA : Time ofof ArrivalArrivalTOF : TimeTOF : Time ofof FlightFlight18/50 Mobile (xm,ym)Anchor 2 (xA2,yA2)Anchor 3 (xA3,yA3)Anchor 1 (xA1,yA1)()( )()()()()223222221332211 MAMAMAMAMAMA yyxxDyyxxDyyxxD + = + = + =321~,~,~DDDM easurementsEstimated PositionMMyx~,~zTOA 3 TOA 2D 3 Anchor 19/50 IEEE Ranging (1)IEEE Ranging (1)Ranging counterRanging counter TOA TOA Ranging counterRanging counterTimestamp for precise instant that Timestamp for precise instant that RMARKERsRMARKER sare transmitted and received are transmitted and received roundATreplyBTptptRunning at 64 GHz Running at 64 GHz resolution: 16 resolution.

7 16 psecpsec, , 3232 bit counterbit counter 0~68msec0~68msec20/50 IEEE Ranging (2)IEEE Ranging (2)Ranging counter timestampRanging counter timestampTimestamp ? : RMARKER : Leading edge detection (Direct path ) 21/50 Ranging Accuracy (1)Ranging Accuracy (1)1. 1. Multipath resolving Multipath accuracy ( IEEE CM1 Multipath profile @ 500 MHz ]IEEE BW 500 MHz, ( Multipath : ]Direct path2nd path3rd pathUWB TxUWB Rx22/500510152025303505101520253035 Multipath profile : 17th --> Lock point|correlation|[ LOS ]051015202530351234567891011 Multipath profile : 17th --> Lock point|correlation|[ ]0510152025303502468101214 Multipath profile : 17th --> Lock point|correlation|[ ][ 1 nsec Resolution Multipath Profile ]Ranging Accuracy (2)Ranging Accuracy (2)z500 MHz BW : Multipath Resolving z Lock Point (Max.)))

8 First Peak (Leading Edge) z nsec 1nsec 30cm z 1nsec Multipath Profile , First Peak Multipath Profile Multipath ProfileMultipath Profile23/50 Ranging Accuracy (3)Ranging Accuracy (3)2. Clock offset2. Clock offset Clock offset TOA roundATreplyBTptpt1 ()2ppreplyBABtttee Clock offsetSDS-TWR (Symmetric double-sided TWR) 200 ns200 ns100 ns100 ns50 ns50 ns5 ns5 ns5 ms5 ms4 ns4 ns2 ns2 ns1 ns1 ns100 us100 us80 80 ppmppm40 40 ppmppm20 20 ppmppm2 2 ppmppmttreplyBreplyB(e(eAA eeBB))SDSSDS TWR : Symmetric Double Sided TWRTWR : Symmetric Double Sided TWR4replyBroundBreplyAroundApttttt + =24/50 Ranging Accuracy (4)Ranging Accuracy (4)2. Clock offset2. Clock offset Clock offset Mis-samplingLeading edge detection accuracy Signal tracking loop (Digital or analog) [ Clock offset ][ SDS TWR ]25/50 Ranging Accuracy (5)Ranging Accuracy (5)3.

9 3. Energy detection Multipath profile Multipath Ranging accuracy 2 Leading edge detection Accuracy [ IR-UWB PHY / Reference ] 2nsec nsecCoherent Noncoherent 26/50 IR-UWB IR-UWB cm cm SOP SFD SOP SFD IR-UWB IR-UWB 1~2m 1~2m SOP SFD SOP SFD << 6dB ( 20m ) 6dB ( 20m ) , , <Ranging Accuracy (6)Ranging Accuracy (6)[ IR-UWB ][ IR-UWB ]27 (Measure)Indication(Measure)Indication TWRF inishup Rng Rng IEEE IEEE MACMACzIEEE MAC- IEEE MAC -Ranging , ( Sounding, Self Calibration, )z -MN (Mobile Node) RN (Reference Node) Ranging Setup -TWR (Two Way Ranging) -64 GHz Ranging - Finishup - 28/50 UWB : IEEE UWB UWB : IEEE : IEEE ETRI / ETRI ETRI // UWB UWB UWB 29/50 TES TES (1)(1)zIEEE , Noncoherent IP zRF front-end : SiGe Source : Source.

10 UWBUWB LDR with SubLDR with Sub meter rangingmeter ranging TES Electronic Solutions,2007. 2 Rev. 1/V1 TES Electronic Solutions,2007. 2 Rev. 1/V130/50 TES TES (2)(2)zRF front-end IC SiGe technologyUWB Front-end IC31/50 TES TES (3)(3)zModem is targeted on a FPGA platform The power consumption of future integrated solution can be estimated to be 200mW at With appropriate MAC strategy and normal sensor activity can be less than 20% of peak power design The developed antennas on the special textile fabric have size of 20x25mm2 The working frequencies range 6 9 GHzUWB monipole antennaUWB dipole antenna32/50zFirst 90nm CMOS digital UWB transmitter IC for IEEE ~10 GHz Frequency Range UWB Core size 220 X 300 umTime domain and spectrumIMEC IMEC (1)(1)Source : Source.