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Virtual currency schemes - a further analysis
Virtual currency is also not money or currency from a legal perspective. For the purpose of this report, it is defined as a digital representation of value, not issued by a ... cross-border payments. A number of international authorities have developed an interest in VCS, including the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), given the potential ...
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VIRTUAL CURRENCY SCHEMES, OCTOBER 2012
www.ecb.europa.eu6 ECB Virtual currency schemes October 2012 The firstcase study in this report relates to Bitcoin, a virtual currency scheme based on a peer-to-
Euro Foreign Exchange Reference Rates
www.ecb.europa.euEuro Foreign Exchange Reference Rates 03 August 2018 Currency Spot USD US dollar 1.1588 JPY Japanese yen 129.30 BGN Bulgarian lev 1.9558 CZK Czech koruna 25.657
CYBER RESILIENCE OVERSIGHT EXPECTATIONS …
www.ecb.europa.euFourth, cyber attacks can be stealthy and propagate rapidly within a network of systems. For example, they can exploit unknown vulnerabilities and weak links in
Working Paper Series - ecb.europa.eu
www.ecb.europa.euAbout 74% of firms covered in our sample paid bonuses and other performance-related benefits (non-base wage components) in 2013, with an average share of non-base wage components in the total wage bill in 2013 of around 7%. This is lower ... ECB Working Paper Series No 2158 / June 2018 3.
Introducing the Directorate General Research
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN FINANCIAL …
www.ecb.europa.euThe banking model adopted by the EU is the universal banking model, which permits banks to undertake investment banking activities, while leaving it to national regulators to control financial conglomerates, the ownership structure of banks, and their relationship with industry.
Current oil price trends
www.ecb.europa.euCurrent oil price trends Oil prices have fallen by 70% since July 2014. Taking a longer-term perspective, the oil price drop can be explained by previous large investments and ... 1 Average global oil demand in 2014-15 was around 93.6 million barrels per day and average global oil
Working Paper Series - European Central Bank
www.ecb.europa.euWorking Paper Series The risk management approach to monetary policy, nonlinearity and aggressiveness: the case of the US Fed Jean-Yves Gnabo and
Financial integration in Europe - European Central Bank
www.ecb.europa.euFinancial integration in Europe, May 2017 − Key messages 5 ECB supports the proposal to establish a European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS), is working towards the reduction of non-performing exposures on bank
Climate-related risk and financial stability
www.ecb.europa.euImproved measurement and modelling of the impacts of climate change on financial stability is needed to underpin a policy debate that is gaining momentum. This report deepens quantitative insights for the European Union, adding to a growing body of international research examining the impacts of climate change on financial stability .
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www3.weforum.orgAt the same time, cryptocurrencies are cross-jurisdictional and, as such, regulatory challenges do not stop at national borders. Regulators should work towards cross-jurisdictional regulatory standards in order to create regulatory clarity, close loopholes and mitigate regulatory arbitrage, while ensuring inclusion of all users is maintained.