What you need to know about vaccinations

1 Brought to you by:Look at m up to date withmy vaccinations !WHATYOUNEEDTOKNOWABOUTVACCI NATIONSABOUT VACCINATIONSAs a parent, you will want to know why vaccinating your child the past, diseases such as smallpox and polio struck fear into thehearts of parents, as an infection in their child or community couldmean death or ,thanks to the development of vaccines,smallpox has been totally eradicated and other infections such as polioand measles have nearly been is it important for children to be vaccinated?Children need to be vaccinated in order to protect them from certaininfectious should all children be vaccinated?

2 vaccinations prevent the spread of disease within the do I go to have my child vaccinated?Your local clinics and community health centres in South Africa willprovide free vaccinations for your should my child be vaccinated?At birth, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 Weeks, 9 months, 18 months, 6 yearsand at 12 years old.(See schedule on pages 6 and 7).Does my child need to have all the vaccinations ?Yes, your child musthave all the vaccinations on the diseases will the vaccinations protect my child from?Tuberculosis, Polio, Rotavirus Gastroenteritis, Diphtheria, Tetanus,Whooping cough,Haemophilus Influenzaetype B, Hepatitis B,Pneumococcal Infection, and Measles are the vaccinations that yourchild will be protected against.

3 (More details of the above diseases tofollow).Are vaccinations safe?As a result of medical research vaccinations are getting safer and moreeffective all the PARENTS/GUARDIANSMUSTVACCINATE THEIR BABIES AND ADHERETO THE IMMUNISATION SCHEDULEThe Department of Health (DoH) is committed to improving thequality of primary healthcare in South Africa (SA) through variousprograms and initiatives. Despite enormous challenges, great strideshave been made by the DoH to attain this is thefirst country in Africa to introduce the Rotavirus and pneumococcalvaccines in its Expanded Program for Immunisation (EPI).

4 This is viewedas a significant step towards achieving the millennium developmentgoal (MDG4).What the Department of Health (DoH) isdoing for you and your The DoH has accessible clinics for all SouthAfricans The DoH provides free vaccinations to all infants and children up tothe age of 12 years The DoH has recently introduced 2 NEW vaccines onto its ExpandedProgramme on Immunisation - EPI (SA), thereby providing infantswith additional protection from infectious diseases4 SouthAfrica is the first country inAfrica to introduce Rotavirus vac-cine on its EPI This provides a healthy society for children to grow up in32 ROTAVIRUS GASTROENTERITISR otavirus is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea in childrenand spreads quickly and ,11 Rotavirus infects nearly every childbefore their from rotavirus can quickly leadto dehydration.

5 Dehydration can result in hospitalisation and evendeath for children who do not receive treatment in ,13 SymptomsSymptoms begin with fever and vomiting, followed by waterydiarrhoea, which typically lasts 5 to 7 days. If fluid losses are notreplaced, vaccinate?In South Africa approximately 6 children die every day from ,15 Worldwide, approximately 600 000 children die eachyear from vaccination is now available atyour local clinic for all infants older than six weeks andyounger than 24 weeks of (TB)TB is a contagious (disease spread by contact) infection thatcommonly affects the with active TB oftencontaminate the air with bacteria when they cough or bacteria can stay in the air for several hours.

6 If another per-son breathes the bacteria in, they may become infected. TB killsabout 3 million people worldwide, every , night sweats and generally feeling unwell,with decreased energy and appetite are the most vaccinate?TB is a leading infectious cause of deaths in adults, killingabout million people every year. The BCG vaccination (givento prevent TB) is given to more than 80% of the world (POLIO)Polio is a highly contagious, viral infection that affects nerves andcan produce permanent muscle weakness,paralysis and sometimesdeath. Polio is caused by a virus and is spread by digestingcontaminated the majority of polio infections there will be no symptoms.

7 Of theinfected people with symptoms, most will have mild symptomsincluding fever, headache, sore throat and vaccinate?Extensive vaccination has almost eradicated polio in , cases still occur in regions with incompletevaccination such as sub-Saharan Africa and Southern polio vaccine given during childhood produces protectionin more than 95% of on page 854 IMMUNISATION SCHEDULEE xpanded Programme on Immunisation EPI (SA)Revised Childhood Immunisation Schedule from April 2009 Age of childVaccine neededHow and Where is it given?At birthBCGB acilles CalmetteGuerinRight armOPV (O)Oral PolioVaccineDrops by mouth6 weeksOPV (1)Oral PolioVaccineDrops by mouthRV (1) Rotavirus VaccineLiquid by mouthDTap-IPV//Hib (1)Diphtheria,Tetanus, acellular Pertussis,Inactivated PolioVaccine andHaemophilus influenzaetype b CombinedIntramuscular / Left thighHeb B (1)Hepatitis BVaccineIntramuscular / Right thighPCV7(1)Pneumococcal ConjugatedVaccineIntramuscular / Right thigh10 weeksDTap-IPV//Hib (2)

8 Diphtheria,Tetanus, acellular Pertussis,Inactivated PolioVaccine andHaemophilus influenzaetype b CombinedIntramuscular / Left thighHeb B (2)Hepatitis BVaccineIntramuscular / Right thigh14 weeksRV (2) Rotavirus Vaccine*Liquid by mouthDTap-IPV//Hib (3)Diphtheria,Tetanus, acellular Pertussis,Inactivated PolioVaccine andHaemophilus influenzaetype b CombinedIntramuscular / Left thighHeb B (3)Hepatitis BVaccineIntramuscular / Right thighPCV7(2)Pneumococcal ConjugatedVaccineIntramuscular / Right thigh9 monthsMeasles Vaccine (1)Intramuscular / Left thighPCV7(3)Pneumococcal Conjugated vaccineIntramuscular / Right thigh18 monthsDTap-IPV//Hib (4)Diphtheria,Tetanus, acellular Pertussis,Inactivated PolioVaccine andHaemophilus influenzaetype b CombinedIntramuscular / Left armMeasles Vaccine (2)Intramuscular / Right arm6 years (Both boys and girls)Td VaccineTetanus and reduced strength of diphtheriaVaccineIntramuscular / Left arm12 years (Both boys and girls)Td VaccineTetanus and reduced strength of diphtheriaVaccineIntramuscular / Left arm* RotavirusVaccine should NOT be administered after 24 (LOCKJAW)

9 Tetanus results from a toxin produced by the anaerobic bacteriaClostridium toxin makes muscles become rigid and bacteria may enter the body through woundscontaminated with soil or faeces and skin contract and become rigid. Spasms usually begin in the jawand throat,followed by the neck,shoulder,face and then the abdomenand vaccinate?Worldwide, about 50% of people who have tetanus is far better than treating rarely develops inpeople who have completed a primary series of tetanus vaccinationsand have had vaccinations every 10 years as (WHOOPING COUGH)Pertussis is a highly contagious infection caused by the bacteriaBordetella pertussis, which results in fits of coughing that usually endin a prolonged, high-pitched, deeply indrawn breath (the whoop).

10 19 SymptomsThe disease is divided into 3 stages:19 First stage lasts for 1 or 2 weeks. Symptoms include mild coldlike symptoms. (Sneezing, runny nose, hacking cough at night anda general feeling of illness) Second stage lasts for 2 to 4 weeks. Coughing fits developfollowed by the cough often produces large amountsof thick mucous Third stage lasts two to four decreases and thenstopsWhy vaccinate?Complications of pertussis can include pneumonia,ear infections andin rare instances brain immunisation is part of thestandard childhood vaccination is a contagious, sometimes fatal infection of the upperrespiratory bacteria that cause diphtheria are usually spreadin droplets of moisture coughed into the include; sore throat, chills, general feeling of illness lymph nodes in the neck may vaccinate?