Transcription of CHAPTER 7 ALCOHOLS, THIOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS
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CHAPTER 7 ALCOHOLS, THIOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS
CHAPTER 7 alcohols , THIOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS Several new functional groups are presented in this CHAPTER . All of thefunctions are based on oxygen and sulfur in the sp2 hybridized state. Thefunctional groups contain two pairs of non-bonding electrons and are thecornerstone of many organic processes. The structures for alcohols , phenols, thiols, ETHERS and thioethers are shown NomenclaturePriorities in nomenclatureSeveral functional groups have been encountered as we have advancedthrough the chapters. When a new functional group is presented, its nomenclatureis always based on the parent name with an ending that designates the functionalgroup. When several functional groups are present in a molecule, priority rulesmust be used to determine which function is the parent system that determines thenumbering of the system and the suffix used in the final priority list is as follows:carboxylic acids > aldehydes> ketones> alcohols > amines > alkene > alkyne> alkyl, halogen, nitroThus a compound that contained hydroxy, alkene and ketone functionswould be named as a ketone with the ketone getting the lowest number possible, andsubstituents are numbered accordingly and named in alphabetical the compound
OH cyclohexyl alcohol n-butyl alcohol sec-butyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol benzyl alcohol 1-butanol 2-butanol 3-methyl-1-propanol cyclohexanol phenylmethanol When more than one hydroxyl group is present, the IUPAC system uses numbers to designate the location of the hydroxyls along with a prefix di, tri, to denote the number of hydroxyls.
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