R E D U C T I O N O X I D A T I O N O.S. -1 -2 -3 -4 …

MOLAR MASS - knockhardy.org.uk

MOLAR MASS CALCULATIONS RELATIVE MASS Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) The mass of an atom relative to that of the carbon 12 isotope having a value of 12.000 or average mass per atom of an element x 12

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Aromatic compounds F324 - knockhardy.org.uk

REACTIONS OF THE BENZENE (AROMATIC) RING Nitration Converts benzene into nitrobenzene, C6H5NO2 The nitration of benzene is the first step in an historically important chain of

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BUFFER SOLUTIONS - INTRODUCTION AND USES

BUFFER SOLUTIONS - INTRODUCTION AND USES Definition “Solutions which resist changes in pH when small quantities of acid or alkali are added.” Types Acidic Buffer (pH < 7) weak acid + its sodium or potassium salt

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ACIDS & BASES - knockhardy.org.uk

lewis acids lone pair acceptors bases lone pair donors brØnsted-lowry acids proton donors bases acids & bases proton acceptors a t a g l a n c e k nockhardy notes a ...

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CHEMICAL KINETICS - knockhardy.org.uk

CHEMICAL KINETICS Reminder The following methods can be used to increase the rate of a reaction. • increase surface area • use a light source (certain reactions only)

STRUCTURE & BONDING - knockhardy.org.uk

STRUCTURE & BONDING IntroductionThe physical properties (boiling point, conductivity, strength) of a substance depend on its structure and type of bonding. Bonding determines the structure. TYPES OF BOND Bond types CHEMICAL BONDS • IONIC (or electrovalent) (strong bonds) • COVALENT • DATIVE COVALENT (or COORDINATE) • …

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Q - knockhardy.org.uk

CARBONYL COMPOUNDS - Aldehydes and Ketones Structure • carbonyl groups consists of a carbon-oxygen double bond • the bond is …

CHEMICAL KINETICS - knockhardy.org.uk

CHEMICAL KINETICS Reminder The following methods can be used to increase the rate of a reaction. • increase surface area • use a light source (certain reactions only)

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STEREOISOMERISM - knockhardy.org.uk

K NOCKHARDY NOTES A LEVEL CHEMISTRY ISOMERISM A T A CH G L A N C E © J. L. HOPTON 1999 ISOMERISM STEREOISOMERS STRUCTURAL ISOMERS GEOMETRICAL ISOMERS OPTICAL ISOMERS Same molecular formula - different structural formula Groups fixed in different space as a result of the restricted rotation …

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REACTIONS OF SOME TRANSITION METAL IONS …

REACTIONS OF SOME TRANSITION METAL IONS COBALT Cobalt(II) • aqueous solutions contain the pink, octahedral hexaaquacobalt(II) ion • hexaaqua ions can also be present in solid samples of the ...

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H O W T O D E T E R M I N E Y O U R R I N G S I Z E …

1. Carefully cut along the outline of the sizer. Make a small slit in the left end of the sizer. 2. W 3. Slide the pointed end of the sizer through the slit.

G U ID E T O O P E R A T IO N A L R E S E A R C H IN …

In some cases, oper ational resear ch is used to determine the e ffectiv eness o f a pr oposed solution thr ough comparison methods in an

BE (eV) RSF - XPS Data

Sample Description: Fused Al2O3 (as rec'd, surface of 1 mm thick plate, screen, 90 DEG TOA) Counts Binding Energy, eV 84 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 68 66

C o n d itio n a l C o m m itm e n t D ire c t E n d o rs ...

C o n d itio n a l C o m m itm e n t D ire c t E n d o rs e m e n t S ta te m e n t o f A p p ra is e d V a lu e General Commitment Conditions U.S. Department of Housing

3 0 8 W IN 3 0 0 W H I SPER 6 m m NAT 308 W I N …

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