CHAPTER 6 WALL CONSTRUCTION - ecodes.biz

1 CHAPTER 6. WALL CONSTRUCTION . SECTION R601 Stud size, height and spacing. The size, height GENERAL and spacing of studs shall be in accordance with Table Application. The provisions of this CHAPTER shall con- trol the design and CONSTRUCTION of all walls and partitions for all Exceptions: buildings. 1. Utility grade studs shall not be spaced more than Requirements. Wall CONSTRUCTION shall be capable of 16 inches (406 mm) on center, shall not support accommodating all loads imposed according to Section R301 more than a roof and ceiling, and shall not exceed 8. and of transmitting the resulting loads to the supporting struc- feet (2438 mm) in height for exterior walls and tural elements. load-bearing walls or 10 feet (3048 mm) for inte- rior nonload-bearing walls . Compressible floor-covering materials. Com- pressible floor-covering materials that compress more than 2. Studs more than 10 feet (3048 mm) in height 1/ inch ( mm) when subjected to 50 pounds (23 kg) which are in accordance with Table 32.

2 Applied over 1 inch square (645 mm) of material and are Top plate. Wood stud walls shall be capped with a greater than 1/8 inch ( mm) in thickness in the uncom- double top plate installed to provide overlapping at corners pressed state shall not extend beneath walls , partitions or and intersections with bearing partitions. End joints in top columns, which are fastened to the floor. plates shall be offset at least 24 inches (610 mm). Plates shall be a nominal 2 inches in depth (51 mm) and have a width at least equal to the width of the studs. SECTION R602 Exception: A single top plate may be installed in stud WOOD WALL FRAMING walls , provided the plate is adequately tied at joints, cor- Identification. Load-bearing dimension lumber for n ers an d in tersectin g walls b y a m in imu m studs, plates and headers shall be identified by a grade mark of 3-inch-by-6-inch by a (76 mm by 152. a lumber grading or inspection agency that has been approved mm by mm) galvanized steel plate that is nailed to by an accreditation body that complies with DOC PS 20.

3 In lieu each wall or segment of wall by six 8d nails on each side, of a grade mark, a certification of inspection issued by a lumber provided the rafters or joists are centered over the studs grading or inspection agency meeting the requirements of this with a tolerance of no more than 1 inch ( mm). The section shall be accepted. top plate may be omitted over lintels that are adequately End-jointed lumber. Approved end-jointed lum- tied to adjacent wall sections with steel plates or equiva- ber identified by a grade mark conforming to Section lent as previously described. may be used interchangeably with solid-sawn mem- Bearing studs. Where joists, trusses or rafters are bers of the same species and grade. spaced more than 16 inches (406 mm) on center and the Structural glued laminated timbers. Glued bearing studs below are spaced 24 inches (610 mm) on cen- laminated timbers shall be manufactured and identified as ter, such members shall bear within 5 inches (127 mm) of required in AITC and ASTM D3737.

4 The studs beneath. Grade. Studs shall be a minimum No. 3, standard or Exceptions: stud grade lumber. 1. The top plates are two 2-inch by 6-inch (38 mm by Exception: Bearing studs not supporting floors and 140 mm) or two 3-inch by 4-inch (64 mm by 89. nonbearing studs may be utility grade lumber, provided the mm) members. studs are spaced in accordance with Table (5). 2. A third top plate is installed. Design and CONSTRUCTION . Exterior walls of 3. Solid blocking equal in size to the studs is installed wood-frame CONSTRUCTION shall be designed and constructed in to reinforce the double top plate. accordance with the provisions of this CHAPTER and Figures Bottom (sole) plate. Studs shall have full bearing (1) and (2) or in accordance with AF&PA's on a nominal 2 by (38 mm) or larger plate or sill having a NDS. Components of exterior walls shall be fastened in accor- width at least equal to the width of the studs. dance with Table (1) through (4). Exterior walls covered with foam plastic sheathing shall be braced in accor- Interior load-bearing walls .

5 Interior load-bearing dance with Section Structural sheathing shall be fas- walls shall be constructed, framed and fireblocked as specified tened directly to structural framing members. for exterior walls . 2006 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE 99. WALL CONSTRUCTION . TABLE (1). FASTENER SCHEDULE FOR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS. NUMBER AND TYPE OF. DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS FASTENERa,b,c,d SPACING OF FASTENERS. Joist to sill or girder, toe nail 3-8d . 2-8d . 1 6 subfloor or less to each joist, face nail 2 staples, 13/4 . 2 subfloor to joist or girder, blind and face nail 2-16d . Sole plate to joist or blocking, face nail 16d 16 Top or sole plate to stud, end nail 2-16d . Stud to sole plate, toe nail 3-8d or 2-16d . Double studs, face nail 10d 24 Double top plates, face nail 10d 24 Sole plate to joist or blocking at braced wall panels 3-16d 16 Double top plates, minimum 24-inch offset of end joints, face nail in 8-16d . lapped area Blocking between joists or rafters to top plate, toe nail 3-8d.

6 Rim joist to top plate, toe nail 8d 6 Top plates, laps at corners and intersections, face nail 2-10d . 2 . 1/. Built-up header, two pieces with spacer 16d 16 along each edge Continued header, two pieces 16d 16 along each edge Ceiling joists to plate, toe nail 3-8d . Continuous header to stud, toe nail 4-8d . Ceiling joist, laps over partitions, face nail 3-10d . Ceiling joist to parallel rafters, face nail 3-10d . Rafter to plate, toe nail 2-16d . 2-8d . 1 brace to each stud and plate, face nail 2 staples, 13/4 . 2-8d . 1 6 sheathing to each bearing, face nail 2 staples, 13/4 . 2-8d . 1 8 sheathing to each bearing, face nail 3 staples, 13/4 . 3-8d . Wider than 1 8 sheathing to each bearing, face nail 4 staples, 13/4 . Built-up corner studs 10d 24 Nail each layer as follows: 32 Built-up girders and beams, 2-inch lumber layers 10d at top and bottom and staggered. Two nails at ends and at each splice. 2 planks 2-16d At each bearing Roof rafters to ridge, valley or hip rafters.

7 Toe nail 4-16d . face nail 3-16d Rafter ties to rafters, face 3-8d . 3-16d common, 4-3" x " Face nail at 4" on center under each Ledger strip nail, 4-3" 14-gage staple joist (continued). 100 2006 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE. WALL CONSTRUCTION . TABLE (1) continued FASTENER SCHEDULE FOR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS. SPACING OF FASTENERS. DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING. b,c,d,e MATERIALS DESCRIPTION OF FASTENER Edges (inches)i Intermediate supportsc,e (inches). Wood structural panels, subfloor, roof and wall sheathing to framing, and particleboard wall sheathing to framing 6d common nail (subfloor, wall). 16 - /2 . 5/ 1. 6 12g 8d common nail (roof)f 32 . 19/ -1 8d common nail 6 12g 11/8 -11/4 10d common nail or 8d deformed nail 6 12. Other wall sheathingh 2 11/2 galvanized roofing nail 6d common nail staple 1/ regular cellulosic fiberboard 3 6. sheathing 16 ga., 11/2 long 2 structural cellulosic fiberboard 1 /2 galvanized roofing nail 8d common nail staple 1/ 1. 3 6. sheathing 16 ga.

8 , 11/2 long 32 13/4 galvanized roofing nail 8d common nail staple 25/ structural cellulosic 3 6. fiberboard sheathing 16 ga., 13/4 long 11/2 galvanized roofing nail; 6d common nail; staple 2 . 1/ gypsum sheathing 4 8. galvanized, 11/2 long; 11/4 screws, Type W or S. 13/4 galvanized roofing nail; 8d common nail; staple 8 . 5/ gypsum sheathing 4 8. galvanized, 15/8 long; 15/8 screws, Type W or S. Wood structural panels, combination subfloor underlayment to framing 4 . 3/ and less 6d deformed nail or 8d common nail 6 12. 8 -1 . 7/ 8d common nail or 8d deformed nail 6 12. 1 1/. 8 -11/ 4 10d common nail or 8d deformed nail 6 12. For SI: 1 inch = mm, 1 foot = mm, 1 mile per hour = km/h. a. All nails are smooth-common, box or deformed shanks except where otherwise stated. Nails used for framing and sheathing connections shall have minimum aver- age bending yield strengths as shown: 80 ksi (551 MPa) for shank diameter of inch (20d common nail), 90 ksi (620 MPa) for shank diameters larger than inch but not larger than inch, and 100 ksi (689 MPa) for shank diameters of inch or less.

9 B. Staples are 16 gage wire and have a minimum 7/16-inch on diameter crown width. c. Nails shall be spaced at not more than 6 inches on center at all supports where spans are 48 inches or greater. d. Four-foot-by-8-foot or 4-foot-by-9-foot panels shall be applied vertically. e. Spacing of fasteners not included in this table shall be based on Table (2). f. For regions having basic wind speed of 110 mph or greater, 8d deformed nails shall be used for attaching plywood and wood structural panel roof sheathing to fram- ing within minimum 48-inch distance from gable end walls , if mean roof height is more than 25 feet, up to 35 feet maximum. g. For regions having basic wind speed of 100 mph or less, nails for attaching wood structural panel roof sheathing to gable end wall framing shall be spaced 6 inches on center. When basic wind speed is greater than 100 mph, nails for attaching panel roof sheathing to intermediate supports shall be spaced 6 inches on center for minimum 48-inch distance from ridges, eaves and gable end walls ; and 4 inches on center to gable end wall framing.

10 H. Gypsum sheathing shall conform to ASTM C 79 and shall be installed in accordance with GA 253. Fiberboard sheathing shall conform to either AHA or ASTM C 208. i. Spacing of fasteners on floor sheathing panel edges applies to panel edges supported by framing members and at all floor perimeters only. Spacing of fasteners on roof sheathing panel edges applies to panel edges supported by framing members and at all roof plane perimeters. Blocking of roof or floor sheathing panel edges perpendicular to the framing members shall not be required except at intersection of adjacent roof planes. Floor and roof perimeter shall be supported by framing members or solid blocking. Roof sheathing 7/16" or greater in thickness does not require perimeter blocking. 2006 NORTH CAROLINA RESIDENTIAL CODE 101. WALL CONSTRUCTION . TABLE (2). ALTERNATE ATTACHMENTS. SPACINGc OF FASTENERS. NOMINAL MATERIAL THICKNESS DESCRIPTIONa, b OF FASTENER AND LENGTH Edges Intermediate supports (inches) (inches) (inches) (inches).