FISH WASTE MANAGEMENT

1 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular NFIM/C1216 (En) ISSN 2070-6065 fish WASTE MANAGEMENT AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF fish SILAGE IN BANGLADESH, PHILIPPINES AND THAILAND FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1216 NFIM/C1216 (En) fish WASTE MANAGEMENT AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF fish SILAGE IN BANGLADESH, PHILIPPINES AND THAILAND Md Jakiul Islam Assistant Professor Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University Bangladesh Encarnacion Emilia Professor of Fisheries Science College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of the Philippines Visayas Iloilo, Philippines Laddawan Krongpong Director Chon buri Aquatic Animal Feed Technology Research and Development Center Department of Fisheries Chonburi Province.

2 Thailand Jogeir Toppe Fishery Officer Subregional Office for Mesoamerica Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Panama City, Panama Omar R. Pe arubia Fishery Officer Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2021 Required citation: Islam, J., Yap, , Krongpong, L., Toppe, J. and Pe arubia, 2021. fish WASTE MANAGEMENT An assessment of the potential production and utilization of fish silage in Bangladesh, Philippines and Thailand. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1216. Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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6 Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website ( ) and can be purchased through Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: Cover photograph: Gills and other non-utilizable parts of fresh tuna. Yap iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This document presents the report of assessments carried out on the potential production and utilization of fish silage in Bangladesh, Philippines and Thailand, which were conducted under the FAO Multi-Partner Programme Support Mechanism (FMM). These assessments follow the regional training conducted through the FAO fish Product Safety and Quality project, Strengthening capacities, policies and national action plans on prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in fisheries held in Manila, Philippines from 3 to 7 July 2017.

7 The project aimed to provide technical assistance to selected countries to strengthen the capacity, policies and national actions plans required for the prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in fisheries. The feasibility studies were conducted by FAO national consultants at selected sites in each country, data gathered using questionnaires were analyzed before being compiled and reviewed by FAO technical officers. iv ABSTRACT A significant amount of fish by-products is produced during fish processing. These by-products represent 20 80 percent of the fish and provide a good source of macro- and micronutrients. Yet they often go unutilized, when they can easily be converted into a variety of products including fishmeal and oil, fish hydrolysates, fish collagen, fish sauce, fish biodiesel and fish leather.

8 The production of fish silage using organic acid is a good example of the simple and inexpensive conversion processes which can be employed. fish silage production uses minced by-products or minced whole fish unsuitable for human consumption as raw material, before adding a preservative to stabilize the mixture usually an organic acid such as formic acid. The process breaks down protein into free amino acids and small-chain peptides which have nutritional and antimicrobial properties, therefore, the fish silage can be used as healthy feed and fertilizer. The feasibility studies on fish WASTE MANAGEMENT in Bangladesh, Philippines and Thailand outline existing good practices on the utilization of by-products and fish WASTE .

9 Furthermore, the insights provided on the potential production and utilization of fish silage in each country are promising in terms of increasing the productivity of the fisheries sector, reducing post-harvest WASTE , increasing economic value and improving environment sustainability. v CONTENTS Preparation of this document .. iii Abstract .. iv Abbreviations and acronyms .. vii Executive summary .. ix I. Overview of the feasibility studies .. 1 Background .. 1 Methodology .. 1 II. Introduction to fish WASTE MANAGEMENT : the production and utilization of fish silage .. 2 fish silage .. 2 fish silage and AMR .. 3 References .. 4 III. fish WASTE MANAGEMENT : An assessment of potential production and utilization of fish silage in Bangladesh.

10 6 Background and rationale of the study .. 6 Objectives .. 6 Literature review .. 6 Methodology .. 8 Results and discussion .. 9 Conclusion and recommendations .. 19 References .. 21 IV. fish WASTE MANAGEMENT : An assessment of potential production and utilization of fish silage in the Philippines .. 25 Background and rationale of the study .. 25 Objectives .. 26 Literature review .. 26 Methodology .. 28 Results and discussion .. 29 Conclusion and recommendations .. 41 References .. 42 V. fish WASTE MANAGEMENT : An assessment of potential production and utilization of fish silage in Thailand .. 45 Background and rationale of the study .. 45 Objectives.