SLVS074H –JANUARY 1983–REVISED MARCH 2017 …

1 131211101415164567321++98 VREFOscControlTL494 ProductFolderOrderNowTechnicalDocumentsT ools &SoftwareSupport &CommunityAn IMPORTANTNOTICEat the end of this datasheetaddressesavailability,warranty, changes,use in safety-criticalapplications,intellectual propertymattersand JANUARY1983 REVISEDMARCH2017TL494 Pulse-Width-ModulationControlCircuits11 Features1 CompletePWMP ower-ControlCircuitry UncommittedOutputsfor 200-mASinkorSourceCurrent OutputControlSelectsSingle-EndedorPush-P ullOperation InternalCircuitryProhibitsDoublePulseatE itherOutput VariableDeadTimeProvidesControlOverTotal Range InternalRegulatorProvidesa Stable5-VReferenceSupplyWith5% Tolerance CircuitArchitectureAllowsEasySynchroniza tion2 Applications DesktopPCs MicrowaveOvens PowerSupplies:AC/DC,Isolated,WithPFC,> 90 W ServerPSUs SolarMicro-Inverters WashingMachines:Low-Endand High-End E-Bikes PowerSupplies:AC/DC,Isolated,No PFC,< 90 W Power:Telecom/ServerAC/DCSupplies:DualCo ntroller:Analog SmokeDetectors SolarPowerInverters3 DescriptionTheTL494deviceincorporatesall the functionsrequiredin theconstructionof a pulse-width-modulation(PWM)controlcircui ton a power-supplycontrol,thisdeviceoffersthe flexibilityto tailorthe power-supplycontrolcircuitryto a TL494devicecontainstwo erroramplifiers,anon-chipadjustableoscil lator,a dead-timecontrol(DTC)comparator,a pulse-steeringcontrolflip-flop,a5-V,5%-p recisionregulator, erroramplifiersexhibita common-modevoltagerangefrom V to VCC 2 V.

2 Thedead-timecontrolcomparatorhas a fixedoffsetthat providesapproximately5% on-chiposcillatorcan be bypassedby terminatingRT to the referenceoutputand providinga sawtoothinputto CT, or it candrivethe commoncircuitsin push-pullor single-endedoutputoperation,whichcanbe selectedthroughthe architectureof this deviceprohibitsthe possibilityof characterizedfor operationfrom0 C to 70 C. The TL494 Ideviceis characterizedfor operationfrom 40 C to 85 (1)PARTNUMBERPACKAGE(PIN)BODYSIZETL494 SOIC(16) (16) (16) (16) (1) For all availablepackages,see the orderableaddendumatthe end of the SimplifiedBlockDiagram2TL494 SLVS074H JANUARY1983 :TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedTableof Contents1 Pin Configurationand , , , , , , , Applicationand Deviceand Mechanical,Packaging,and RevisionHistoryChangesfromRevisionG (January2015)to RevisionHPage Correctedresistorpolarityreferencesin UpdatedFigure12.

3 15 ChangesfromRevisionF (January2014)to RevisionGPage AddedApplications,DeviceInformationtable ,PinFunctionstable,ESDR atingstable,ThermalInformationtable,,Fea tureDescriptionsection,DeviceFunctionalM odes,ApplicationandImplementationsection ,PowerSupplyRecommendationssection,Layou tsection,DeviceandDocumentationSupportse ction,andMechanical,Packaging, (February2005)to RevisionFPage Updateddocumentto new TI datasheetformat- no +1IN FEEDBACKDTCCTRTGNDC12IN+2IN REFOUTPUT CTRLVCCC2E2E1D, DB, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE(TOP VIEW) JANUARY1983 REVISEDMARCH2017 ProductFolderLinks:TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017,TexasInstrumentsIncorporated6 Pin Configurationand FunctionsPin +1 INoninvertinginputto erroramplifier11IN-2 IInvertinginputto erroramplifier12IN+16 INoninvertinginputto erroramplifier22IN-15 IInvertinginputto erroramplifier2C18 OCollectorterminalof BJT output1C211 OCollectorterminalof BJT output2CT5 Capacitorterminalusedto set oscillatorfrequencyDTC4 IDead-timecontrolcomparatorinputE19 OEmitterterminalof BJT output1E210 OEmitterterminalof BJT output2 FEEDBACK3 IInputpin for feedbackGND7 GroundOUTPUTCTRL13 ISelectssingle-ended/paralleloutputor push-pulloperationREF14O5-V referenceregulatoroutputRT6 Resistorterminalusedto set oscillatorfrequencyVCC12 PositiveSupply4TL494 SLVS074H JANUARY1983.

4 TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017,TexasInstrumentsIncorporated(1)Stre ssesbeyondthoselistedunderAbsoluteMaximu mRatingsmay causepermanentdamageto the stressratingsonly,and functionaloperationof the deviceat theseor any otherconditionsbeyondthoseindicatedunder RecommendedOperatingConditionsis not absolute-maximum-ratedconditionsfor extendedperiodsmay affectdevicereliability.(2)All voltagesare with respectto the (unlessotherwisenoted)(1)MINMAXUNITVCCS upplyvoltage(2)41 VVIA mplifierinputvoltageVCC+ ,6 mm (1/16inch)fromcasefor 10 seconds260 CTstgStoragetemperaturerange 65150 (ESD)ElectrostaticdischargeHumanbodymode l(HBM),per ANSI/ESDA/JEDECJS-001,all pins500 VChargeddevicemodel(CDM),per JEDEC specificationJESD22-C101,all 2 VVOC ollectoroutputvoltage40 VCollectoroutputcurrent(eachtransistor)2 00mACurrentinto TAOperatingfree-airtemperatureTL494C070 CTL494I 4085(1)Maximumpowerdissipationis a functionof TJ(max), JA, and TA.

5 The maximumallowablepowerdissipationat any allowableambienttemperatureis PD= (TJ(max) TA) / JA. Operatingat the absolutemaximumTJof 150 C can affectreliability.(2)The packagethermalimpedanceis calculatedin accordancewith (unlessotherwisenoted)PARAMETERTL494 UNITDDBNNSPWR JAPackagethermalimpedance(1)(2)738267641 08 C/W()N2nn 1x XN 1=-s =- JANUARY1983 REVISEDMARCH2017 ProductFolderLinks:TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017,TexasInstrumentsIncorporated(1)For conditionsshownas MIN or MAX,use the appropriatevaluespecifiedunderrecommende doperatingconditions.(2)All typicalvalues,exceptfor parameterchangeswith temperature,are at TA= 25 C.(3)Durationof shortcircuitshouldnot exceedone ,ReferenceSectionoverrecommendedoperatin gfree-airtemperaturerange,VCC= 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unlessotherwisenoted)PARAMETERTESTCONDI TIONS(1)TL494C,TL494 IUNITMINTYP(2)MAXO utputvoltage(REF)IO= 1 7 V to 40 V225mVOutputregulationIO= 1 mA to 10 mA115mVOutputvoltagechangewith temperature TA= MIN to MAX210mV/VShort-circuitoutputcurrent(3)R EF= 0 V25mA(1)For conditionsshownas MIN or MAX,use the appropriatevaluespecifiedunderrecommende doperatingconditions.

6 (2)All typicalvalues,exceptfor parameterchangeswith temperature,are at TA= 25 C.(3)Standarddeviationis a measureof the statisticaldistributionaboutthe meanas derivedfromthe formula:(4)Temperaturecoefficientof timingcapacitorand timingresistorare not takeninto ,OscillatorSectionCT= F, RT= 12 k (seeFigure5)PARAMETERTESTCONDITIONS(1)TL 494C,TL494 IUNITMINTYP(2)MAXF requency10kHzStandarddeviationof frequency(3)All valuesof VCC, CT, RT, and TAconstant100Hz/kHzFrequencychangewith voltageVCC= 7 V to 40 V, TA= 25 C1Hz/kHzFrequencychangewith temperature(4) TA= MIN to MAX10Hz/kHz(1)All typicalvalues,exceptfor parameterchangeswith temperature,are at TA= 25 ,Error-AmplifierSectionSee Figure6 PARAMETERTESTCONDITIONSTL494C,TL494 IUNITMINTYP(1)MAXI nputoffsetvoltageVO(FEEDBACK)= V210mVInputoffsetcurrentVO(FEEDBACK)= V25250nAInputbias currentVO(FEEDBACK)= ACommon-modeinputvoltagerangeVCC= 7 V to 40 V to VCC 2 VOpen-loopvoltageamplification VO= 3 V, VO= V to V, RL= 2 k 7095dBUnity-gainbandwidthVO= V to V, RL= 2 k 800kHzCommon-moderejectionratio VO= 40 V, TA= 25 C6580dBOutputsink current(FEEDBACK)

7 VID= 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK)= (FEEDBACK)VID= 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK)= V 2mA6TL494 SLVS074H JANUARY1983 :TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017,TexasInstrumentsIncorporated(1)All typicalvalues,exceptfor temperaturecoefficient,are at TA= 25 ,OutputSectionPARAMETERTESTCONDITIONSMIN TYP(1)MAXUNITC ollectoroff-statecurrentVCE= 40 V, VCC= 40 V2100 AEmitteroff-statecurrentVCC= VC= 40 V, VE= 0 100 ACollector-emittersaturationvoltageCommo nemitterVE= 0, IC= 200 (C1or C2)= 15 V, IE= 200 (1)All typicalvalues,exceptfor temperaturecoefficient,are at TA= 25 ,Dead-TimeControlSectionSee Figure5 PARAMETERTESTCONDITIONSMINTYP(1)MAXUNITI nputbias current(DEAD-TIMECTRL)VI= 0 to 2 10 AMaximumduty cycle,eachoutputVI(DEAD-TIMECTRL)= 0, CT= F,RT= 12 k 45% Inputthresholdvoltage(DEAD-TIMECTRL)Zero duty cycle0(1)All typicalvalues,exceptfor temperaturecoefficient,are at TA= 25 ,PWMC omparatorSectionSee Figure5 PARAMETERTESTCONDITIONSMINTYP(1)MAXUNITI nputthresholdvoltage(FEEDBACK)Zeroduty current(FEEDBACK)V (FEEDBACK)= (1)

8 All typicalvalues,exceptfor temperaturecoefficient,are at TA= 25 ,TotalDevicePARAMETERTESTCONDITIONSMINTY P(1)MAXUNITS tandbysupplycurrentRT= Vref,All otherinputsand outputsopenVCC= 15 V610mAVCC= 40 V915 AveragesupplycurrentVI(DEAD-TIMECTRL)= 2 V, See (1)All typicalvalues,exceptfor temperaturecoefficient,are at TA= 25 25 CPARAMETERTESTCONDITIONSMINTYP(1)MAXUNIT R isetimeCommon-emitterconfiguration,See Figure7100200nsFall time25100nsRisetimeEmitter-followerconfi guration,See Figure8100200nsFall time40100ns4321001020VI Input Voltage (mV)VO Output Voltage (V)806040200010k1Mf Frequency (Hz)100kGain (dB)Df = 1%(1)40101001 k4 k10 k40 k 100 k400 k1 Mf Oscillator Frequency and Frequency Variation Hz4001 k4 k10 k40 k100 kRT Timing Resistance F 2% 1%0% F F VCC= 15 VTA= 25 C CT= 1 F 100100201101001 MA Amplifier VoltageAmplification dB30f Frequency Hz1 kVCC= 15 V VO= 3 VTA= 25 C 10 k405060708090100 JANUARY1983 REVISEDMARCH2017 ProductFolderLinks:TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017, ( f) is the changein oscillatorfrequencythat occursoverthe full OscillatorFrequencyand FrequencyVariationvsTimingResistancexxxx xxFigure2.

9 AmplifierVoltageAmplificationvsFrequency Figure3. ErrorAmplifierTransferCharacteristicsFig ure4. ErrorAmplifierBodePlotTestInputsDTCFEEDB ACKRTCTGND50 kW12 1 Output 2150W2 W150W2 WVCC= 15 VTEST CIRCUIT1IN+VCCVCC0 V0 VVoltageat C1 Voltageat C2 Voltageat CTDTCFEEDBACK0 V0%MAX0%Threshold VoltageThreshold VoltageVOLTAGE WAVEFORMSDuty CycleErrorAmplifiers71412891110436512161 5131IN 2IN 2IN+8TL494 SLVS074H JANUARY1983 :TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017,TexasInstrumentsIncorporated8 ParameterMeasurementInformationFigure5. OperationalTestCircuitand WaveformsOutputEach OutputCircuit68W2 W15 VCL= 15 pF(See Note A)90%10%90%10%tftrTEST CIRCUITOUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMNOTE A: CLincludes probe and jig OutputCircuit68W2 W15 VCL= 15 pF(See Note A)90%10%90%10%tftrTEST CIRCUITOUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMNOTE A: CLincludes probe and jig capacitance.+ + VIVrefFEEDBACKA mplifier Under TestOther JANUARY1983 REVISEDMARCH2017 ProductFolderLinks:TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedParamet erMeasurementInformation(continued)Figur e6.

10 AmplifierCharacteristicsFigure7. Common-EmitterConfigurationFigure8. Emitter-FollowerConfigurationGNDVCCR eferenceRegulatorC1 Pulse-SteeringFlip-FlopC11 DDTCCTRTPWMC omparator+ Error Amplifier 1 VDead-Time ControlComparatorOscillatorOUTPUT CTRL(see Function Table) mAE1C2E2+ Error Amplifier 21IN+1IN 2IN+2IN FEEDBACKREF65412161531389111012147Q1Q2 V10TL494 SLVS074H JANUARY1983 :TL494 SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright 1983 2017,TexasInstrumentsIncorporated9 designof the TL494not only incorporatesthe primarybuildingblocksrequiredto controla switchingpowersupply,but also addressesmanybasicproblemsand reducesthe amountof additionalcircuitryrequiredin TL494is a fixed-frequencypulse-width-modulation(PW M) outputpulsesis accomplishedby comparingthe sawtoothwaveformcreatedby the internaloscillatoron the timingcapacitor(CT)to eitherof two outputstageis enabledduringthe timewhenthe sawtoothvoltageis greaterthanthe the controlsignalincreases,the timeduringwhichthesawtoothinputis greaterdecreases.