Treaty of peace with Germany (Treaty of Versailles)

1 TREATYOFPEACEWITHGERMANY(TREATYOFVERSAIL LES)TreatyandprotocolsignedatVersaillesJ une28,1919;protocolsignedbyGermanyatPari sJanuary10,1920 TreatysubmittedtotheSenatebythePresident oftheUnitedStatesforadviceandconsenttora tificationJuly10,1919;1 Senateresolu-tionstoadviseandconsenttora tificationfailedofadoptionNovem-ber19,19 19,2andMarch19,1920;3treatyreturnedtothe Presi-dentpursuanttoresolutionofMarch19, 19204 ProtocolofJune28,1919,submittedtotheSena tebythePresidentoftheUnitedStatesJuly31, 1919;5consideredbytheSenateCom-mitteeonF oreignRelationsandlaidasidewithoutaction onFeb-ruary10,1920;6returnedtotheSecreta ryofStatepursuanttoSenateresolutionofFeb ruary12,19357 Proces-verbaloffirstdepositofratificatio nsatParisdatedJanuary10,1920 EnteredintoforceJanuary10,1920,4 ,asbetweencontractingparties(theUnitedSt ateswasnota party) (ParisPeaceConference,XIII)55,740,743;Se natedocument51,66thCongress,1stsessionTH EUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA,THEBRITISHEMPIRE, FRANCE,ITALYandJAPAN,ThesePowersbeingdes cribedinthepresentTreatyasthePrincipalAl liedandAssociatedPowers,BELGIUM,BOLIVIA, BRAZIL,CHINA,CUBA,ECUADOR,GREECE,GUATE-M ALA,HAITI,THEHEDJAZ,HONDURAS,LIBERIA,NIC ARAGUA,PANAMA, ,66thCong.

2 ,1stsess.(textoftreaty); ,66thCong.,1stsess.(addressofthePresiden ttotheSenatedeliveredonJuly10,1919). CongressionalRecord, ,1919( , ), Ibid., ,1920( , ), 'Ibid., ,1920( , ), ;filedwithUnperfectedTreaties1-5(Departm entofStatearchives). ,66thCong.,1stsess.; ,66thCong., CongressionalRecord, ,1920( , ), , ,1935( , ), ;filedwithUnperfectedTreatiesG-9and1-5(D epartmentofStatearchives).e ,1921,restoringfriendlyrelationsbetweent heUnitedStatesandGennany,seeTS658, ,POLAND,PORTUGAL,ROUMANIA,THESERB-CROAT- SLOVENESTATE,SIAM,CZECHO-SLOVAKIA,andURU GUAY,ThesePowersconstitutingwiththePrinc ipalPowersmentionedabovetheAlliedandAsso ciatedPowers,oftheonepart;AndGERMANY,oft heotherpart;Bearinginmindthatonthereques toftheImperialGermanGovernmentanArmistic ewasgrantedonNovember11,1918,9toGermanyb ythePrin-cipalAlliedandAssociatedPowersi norderthataTreatyofPeacemightbeconcluded withher,andTheAlliedandAssociatedPowersb eingequallydesirousthatthewarinwhichthey weresuccessivelyinvolveddirectlyorindire ctlyandwhichorigi-natedinthedeclarationo fwarbyAustria-HungaryonJuly28,1914,again stSerbia,thedeclarationofwarbyGermanyaga instRussiaonAugust1,1914,andagainstFranc eonAugust3,1914,andintheinvasionofBelgiu m,shouldbereplacedbya firm,justanddurablePeace,Forthispurposet heHIGHCONTRACTINGPARTIES representedasfollows:THEPRESIDENTOFTHEUN ITEDSTATESOFAMERICA,by:TheHonourableWood rowWILSON,PRESIDENTOFTHEUNITEDSTATES,act inginhisownnameandbyhisownproperauthorit y;TheHonourableRobertLANSING,Secretaryof State.

3 TheHonourableHenryWHITE,formerlyAmbassad orExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryoftheUn itedStatesatRomeandParis; ; ,MilitaryRepresentativeoftheUnitedStates ontheSupremeWarCouncil;HISMAJESTYTHEKING OFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDIRELA NDANDOFTHEBRITISHDOMINIONSBEYONDTHESEAS, EM-PEROROFINDIA,by:TheRightHonourableDav idLLOYDGEORGE, ,FirstLordofHisTreasuryandPrimeMinister; TheRightHonourableAndrewBONARLAW, ,HisLordPrivySeal;TheRightHonourableVisc ountMII,.NER, , ,HisSec-retaryofStatefortheColonies;TheR ightHonourableArthurJamesBALFOUR, , ,HisSecre-taryofStateforForeignAffairs;T heRightHonourahleGeorgeNicollBARNES, ,Ministerwithoutportfolio;And. Ante, ,191945fortheDOMINIONOFCANADA,by:TheHono urableCharlesJosephDOHERTY,MinisterofJus tice;TheHonourableArthurLewisSIFTON,Mini sterofCustoms;fortheCOMMONWEALTHOFAUSTRA LIA,by:TheRightHonourableWilliamMorrisHU GHES,AttorneyGeneralandPrimeMinister;The RightHonourableSirJosephCOOK, ,MinisterfortheNavy;fortheUNIONOFSOUTHAF RICA,by:GeneraltheRightHonourableLouisBO THA,MinisterofNativeAffairsandPrimeMinis ter;Lieutenant-GeneraltheRightHonourable JanChristianSMUTS,KC.

4 ,MinisterofDefence;fortheDOMINIONOFNEWZE ALAND,by:TheRightHonourableWilliamFergus onMASSEY,MinisterofLabourandPrimeMiniste r;forINDIA,by:TheRightHonourableEdwinSam uelMONTAGU, ,HisSecretaryofStateforIndia;Major-Gener alHisHighnessMaharajaSirGangaSinghBahadu r,Ma-harajaofBIKANER, , , , , ;THEPRESIDENTOFTHEFRENCHREPUBLIC, ,PresidentoftheCouncil,MinisterofWar; ,MinisterforForeignAffairs; ,MinisterofFinance; ,CommissaryGeneralforFranco-AmericanMili taryAffairs; , AmbassadorofFrance;HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFIT ALY, ,Deputy; ,Senator,AmbassadorofHisMajestytheKingof ItalyatLondon; ,Deputy;HISMAJESTYTHEEMPEROROFJAPAN,by:M arquisSAIONZI,formerlyPresidentoftheCoun cilofMinisters;BaronMAKINO,formerlyMinis terforForeignAffairs,MemberoftheDiplomat icCouncil;ViscountCHINDA, ; , ; , ;HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEBELGIANS, ,MinisterforForeignAffairs,MinisterofSta te; ,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipo-te ntiary,MinisterofState; ,MinisterofJustice,MinisterofState;THEPR ESIDENTOFTHEREPUBLICOFBOLIVIA, ,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipoten tiaryofBoliviaatParis;THEPRESIDENTOFTHER EPUBLICOFBRAZIL, ,Deputy,formerlyMinisterofFinance; ,Deputy; ,ProfessorofInternationalLawofRiodeJanei ro;THEPRESIDENTOFTHECHINESEREPUBLIC, ,MinisterforForeignAffairs; ,formerlyMinisterofAgricultureandCommerc e;THEPRESIDENTOFTHECUBANREPUBLIC, ,DeanoftheFacultyofLawintheUniversityofH avana,PresidentoftheCubanSocietyofIntern ationalLaw;THEPRESIDENTOFTHEREPUBLICOFEC UADOR, ,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPleni-pote ntiaryofEcuadoratParis;HIsMAJESTYTHEKING OFTHEHELLENES, ,PresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters.

5 ,MinisterforForeignAffairs;THEPRESIDENTO FTHEREPUBLICOFGUATEMALA, ,formerlyMinisterofStateforPublicWorksan dPublicInstruction,EnvoyExtraordinaryand MinisterPlenipotentiaryofGuatemalaatWash ington,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlen i-potentiaryonspecialmissionatParis;THEP RESIDENTOFTHEREPUBLICOFHAITI, ,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipo-te ntiaryofHaitiatParis;HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOF THEHEDJAZ, ; ;TREATYOFVERSAILLES-JUNE28,191947 THEPRESIDENTOFTHEREPUBLICOFHONDURAS, ,onspecialmissiontoWashington,formerlyPr esi-dentoftheRepublicofHonduras,EnvoyExt raordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiary;THE PRESIDENTOFTHEREPUBLICOFLIBERIA,by:TheHo nourableCharlesDunbarBurgessKING,Secreta ryofState;THEPRESIDENTOFTHEREPUBLICOFNIC ARAGUA, ,PresidentoftheChamberofDeputies;THEPRES IDENTOFTHEREPUBLICOFPANAMA, ,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipoten tiaryofPanamaatMadrid;THEPRESIDENTOFTHER EPUBLICOFPERU, ,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipoten -tiaryofPeruatParis;THEPRESIDENTOFTHEPOL ISHREPUBLIC, ,PresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters,Minist erforForeignAffairs; ,PresidentofthePolishNationalCommittee;T HEPRESIDENTOFTHEPORTUGUESEREPUBLIC, ,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinister s; ,formerlyMinisterforForeignAffairs;HISMA JESTYTHEKINGOFROUMANIA, ,PresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters,Minist erforForeignAffairs;GeneralConstantinCOA NDA,CorpsCommander, ,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinister s;HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHESERBS,THECROATS, ANDTHESLOVENES, ,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinister s; ,MinisterforForeignAffairs; , ,theCroatsandtheSlovenesatParis.

6 HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFSIAM,by:HisHighnessPr inceCHAROON, ;HisSereneHighnessPrinceTraidosPRABANDHU ,UnderSecretaryofStateforForeignAffairs; 48 MULTILATERALAGREEMENTS1918-1930 THEPRESIDENTOFTHECZECHo-SLOVAKREPUBLIC, ,PresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters; ,MinisterforForeignAffairs;.THEPRESIDENT OFTHEREPUBLICOFURUGUAY, ,MinisterforForeignAffairs,formerlyMinis terofIndustry; Germany , ,MinisterforForeignAffairsoftheEmpire; ,MinisteroftheEmpire;Actinginthenameofth eGermanEmpireandofeachandeverycompo-nent State, ,andwithanyoftheGermanStates, ,Inordertopromoteinternationalco-operati onandtoachieveinterna-tionalpeaceandsecu ritybytheacceptanceofobligationsnottores orttowar,bytheprescriptionofopen,justand honourablerelationsbetweennations,bythef irmestal;>lishmentoftheunderstandingsofi nternationallawastheactualruleofconducta mongGovernments,andbythemaintenanceofjus ticeanda scrupulousrespectforalltreatyobliga-tion sinthedealingsoforganisedpeopleswithonea nother, ,191949 Anyfullyself-governingState,DominionorCo lonynotnamedintheAnnexmaybecomea MemberoftheLeagueif itsadmissionisagreedtobytwo-thirdsoftheA ssembly,providedthatit shallgiveeffectiveguaranteesofitssincere intentiontoobserveitsinternationalobliga tions,andshallacceptsuchregulationsasmay beprescribedbytheLeagueinregardtoitsmili tary, ,aftertwoyears'noticeofitsintentionsotod o,withdrawfromtheLeague, Council,witha , , ,RepresentativesofBelgium,Brazil, ,theCouncilmaynameadditionalMembersofthe LeaguewhoseRepresentativesshallalwaysbem embersoftheCouncil.

7 ,andatleastoncea year,attheSeatoftheLeague, Representativetositasa ,eachMemberoftheLeaguerepresentedontheCo uncilshallhaveonevote, , ,includingtheappointmentofCommitteestoin vestigateparticularmatters,shallberegula tedbytheAssemblyorbytheCouncilandmaybede cidedbya ; ,includingtheSecre-tariat,shallbeopenequ allyto , ,takingaccountofthegeographicalsituation andcircum-stancesofeachState, , , ,theirmilitary, and8 andonmilitary, ,whetherimmediatelyaffectinganyoftheMem- bersoftheLeagueornot,isherebydeclareda matterofconcerntothewhole52 MULTILATERALAGREEMENTS1918-1930 League, thereshouldarisebetweenthemanydisputelik elytoleadtoa rupture,theywillsubmitthemattereithertoa rbitrationortoinquirybytheCouncil, reasonabletime, , Treaty ,astoanyquestionofinterna-tionalla w,astotheexistenceofanyfactwhichif establishedwouldconsti-tutea breachofanyinternationalobligation,orast otheextentandnatureofthereparationtobema deforanysuchbreach, ,andthattheywillnotresorttowaragainsta , , rupture,whichisnotsubmittedtoarbitration inaccordancewithArticle13.

8 Whowillmakeallnecessaryarrangementsfora ,aspromptlyaspossible,statementsoftheirc asewithalltherelevantfactsandpapers, settlementofthedispute,andifsucheffortsa resuccessful,a ,theCouncileitherunanimouslyorbyamajorit yvoteshallmakeandpublisha reportcontaininga reportbytheCouncilisunanimouslyagreedtob ythemembersthereofotherthantheRepresenta tivesofoneormoreofthepartiestothedispute , reportwhichisunanimously agreedtobythemembersthereof,otherthanthe Representativesofoneormoreofthepartiesto thedispute,theMembersoftheLeaguereservet othemselvestherighttotak~ ,andisfoundbytheCouncil,toariseoutofamat terwhichbyinternationallawissolelywithin thedomesticjurisdictionofthatparty,theCo uncilshallsoreport, , ,alltheprovisionsofthisArticleandofArtic le12relatingtotheactionandpowersoftheCou ncilshallapplytotheactionandpowersoftheA ssembly,providedthata reportmadebytheAssembly,if concurredinbytheRepresentativesofthoseMe mbersoftheLeaguerepresentedontheCouncila ndofa majorityoftheotherMembersoftheLeague,exc lusiveineachcaseoftheRepresentativesofth epartiestothedispute,shallhavethesamefor ceasa reportbytheCouncilconcurredinbyallthemem bers ,13or15,itshallipsofactobedeemedtohaveco m-mittedanactofwaragainstallotherMembers oftheLeague,whichherebyundertakeimmediat elytosubjectittotheseveranceofalltradeor financialrelations,theprohibitionofallin tercoursebetweentheirnationalsandthenati onalsofthecovenant-breakingState,andthep reventionofallfinancial.

9 Commercialorpersonalintercoursebetweenth enationalsofthecovenant-breakingStateand thenationalsofanyotherState,whethera , ,further,thattheywillmutuallysup-portone anotherinthefinancialandeconomicmeasures whicharetakenunderthisArticle,inordertom inimisethelossandinconvenienceresultingf romtheabovemeasures,andthattheywillmutua llysupportoneanotherinresistinganyspecia lmeasuresaimedatoneoftheirnumberbythecov e-nant-breakingState, MemberoftheLeaguebyav~ disputebetweena MemberoftheLeagueanda Statewhichisnota MemberoftheLeague,orbetweenStatesnotMemb ersoftheLeague,theStateorStatesnotMember softheLeagueshallbeinvitedtoaccepttheobl igationsofmembershipintheLeagueforthepur posesofsuchdispute, ,191955tionisaccepted, Statesoinvitedshallrefusetoaccepttheobli gationsofmembershipintheLeagueforthepurp osesofsuchdispute,andshallresorttowaraga insta MemberoftheLeague, ,theCouncilmaytakesuchmeasuresandmakesuc hrecommendationsas , ,beforebecominga MemberoftheLeague,haveundertakenanyoblig ationsinconsistentwiththetermsofthisCove nant, ,suchastreatiesofarbitrationorregionalun derstand-ingsliketheMonroedoctrine,forse curingthemaintenanceofpea, consequenceofthelatewarhaveceasedtobeund erthesovereigntyoftheStateswhichformerly governed56 MULTILATERALAGREEMENTS1918-193