AN3155 Application note - st.com

1 October 2016 DocID17066 Rev 71/371AN3155 Application noteUSART protocol used in the STM32 bootloader IntroductionThis Application note describes the USART protocol used in the STM32 microcontroller bootloader, providing details on each supported document applies to STM32 products embedding any bootloader version, as specified in the Application note AN2606 STM32 system memory boot mode , available on These products are listed in Ta b l e 1, and are referred to as STM32 throughout the more information about the USART hardware resources and requirements for your device bootloader, refer to the already mentioned AN2606. Table 1. Applicable productsTypeProduct seriesMicrocontrollersSTM32L0 SeriesSTM32L1 SeriesSTM32L4 SeriesSTM32F0 SeriesSTM32F1 SeriesSTM32F2 SeriesSTM32F3 SeriesSTM32F4 SeriesSTM32F7 Rev 7 Contents1 USART bootloader code sequence.

2 52 Choosing the USARTx baud rate .. baud rate .. baud rate .. 63 Bootloader command set .. command .. Version & Read Protection Status command .. ID command .. Memory command .. command .. Memory command .. Memory command .. Erase Memory command .. Protect command .. Unprotect command .. Protect command .. Unprotect command .. 334 Bootloader protocol version evolution .. 355 Revision history .. 36 DocID17066 Rev 73/37AN3155 List of tables3 List of tablesTable products .. 1 Table bootloader commands .. 7 Table protocol versions .. 35 Table revision history .. 36 List of figuresAN31554/37 DocID17066 Rev 7 List of figuresFigure for STM32 with USART .. 5 Figure command: host side .. 8 Figure command: device side.

3 9 Figure Version & Read Protection Status command: host side .. 10 Figure Version & Read Protection Status command: device side.. 11 Figure ID command: host side .. 12 Figure ID command: device side.. 13 Figure Memory command: host side .. 14 Figure Memory command: device side .. 15 Figure command: host side .. 16 Figure command: device side .. 17 Figure Memory command: host side .. 19 Figure Memory command: device side.. 20 Figure Memory command: host side.. 22 Figure Memory command: device side .. 23 Figure Erase Memory command: host side .. 25 Figure Erase Memory command: device side .. 26 Figure Protect command: host side .. 28 Figure Protect command: device side .. 29 Figure Unprotect command: host side .. 30 Figure Unprotect command: device side.

4 31 Figure Protect command: host side.. 32 Figure Protect command: device side .. 32 Figure Unprotect command: host side .. 33 Figure Unprotect command: device side .. 34 DocID17066 Rev 75/37AN3155 USART bootloader code sequence361 USART bootloader code sequenceFigure 1. Bootloader for STM32 with USARTOnce the system memory boot mode is entered and the STM32 microcontroller has been configured (for more details refer to AN2606) the bootloader code begins to scan the USARTx_RX line pin, waiting to receive the 0x7F data frame: one start bit, 0x7F data bits, even parity bit and one stop duration of this data frame is measured using the Systick timer. The count value of the timer is then used to calculate the corresponding baud rate factor with respect to the current system , the code initializes the serial interface accordingly.

5 Using this calculated baud rate, an acknowledge byte (0x79) is returned to the host, which signals that the STM32 is ready to receive commands. X & RECEIVED ON53!24X 2X PIN7 AIT FOR ACOMMAND'%4 CMDROUTINEAI 53!24X SELECTED!UTO BAUD RATE SEQUENCESEND !#+ BYTE DISABLEUNUSED PERIPHERALS2$ CMDROUTINE OPTIONAL 2 OUTINES FORLOADING INTO 2!-'/ CMDROUTINE*0 TO?!DDRESS'/ CMD#OMMANDRECEIVED'%4 CMDC hoosing the USARTx baud rateAN31556/37 DocID17066 Rev 72 Choosing the USARTx baud rateThe calculation of the serial baud rate for USARTx, from the length of the first byte that is received, is used to operate the bootloader within a wide range of baud rates. However, the upper and lower limits have to be kept, in order to ensure proper data a correct data transfer from the host to the microcontroller, the maximum deviation between the internal initialized baud rate for USARTx and the real baud rate of the host should be below The deviation (fB, in percent) between the host baud rate and the microcontroller baud rate can be calculated using the formula below: fBSTM32 baud rate Host baud rate STM32 baud rate------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---------------100% =, where fB This baud rate deviation is a nonlinear function depending on the CPU clock and the baud rate of the host.

6 The maximum of the function (fB) increases with the host baud rate. This is due to the smaller baud rate prescale factors, and the implied higher quantization Minimum baud rateThe lowest tested baud rate (BLow) is 1200. Baud rates below BLow would cause the SysTick timer to overflow. In this event, USARTx would not be correctly Maximum baud rateBHigh is the highest baud rate for which the deviation still does not exceed the limit. All baud rates between BLow and BHigh are below the deviation limit. The highest tested baud rate (BHigh) is 115 Rev 77/37AN3155 Bootloader command set363 Bootloader command setThe supported commands are listed in Ta b l e 2 below. Each command is further described in this section. Communication safetyAll communications from the programming tool (PC) to the device are verified : received blocks of data bytes are XORed.

7 A byte containing the computed XOR of all previous bytes is added to the end of each communication (checksum byte). By XORing all received bytes, data + checksum, the result at the end of the packet must be 0x002. for each command the host sends a byte and its complement (XOR = 0x00)3. UART: parity check active (even parity)Table 2. USART bootloader commandsCommand(1)1. If a denied command is received or an error occurs during the command execution, the bootloader sends NACK byte and goes back to command codeCommand descriptionGet(2)2. Read protection When the RDP (read protection) option is active, only this limited subset of commands is available. All other commands are NACKed and have no effect on the device. Once the RDP has been removed, the other commands become the version and the allowed commands supported by the current version of the bootloaderGet Version & Read Protection Status(2)0x01 Gets the bootloader version and the Read Protection status of the Flash memoryGet ID(2)0x02 Gets the chip IDRead Memory(3)3.

8 Refer to STM32 product datasheets and to the STM32 microcontroller system memory boot mode Application note (AN2606) to know which memory areas are valid for these up to 256 bytes of memory starting from an address specified by the applicationGo(3)0x21 Jumps to user Application code located in the internal Flash memory or in SRAMW rite Memory(3)0x31 Writes up to 256 bytes to the RAM or Flash memory starting from an address specified by the applicationErase(3)(4)4. Erase (x043) and Extended Erase (0x44) are exclusive. A device may support either the Erase command or the Extended Erase command but not from one to all the Flash memory pagesExtended Erase(3)(4)0x44 Erases from one to all the Flash memory pages using two byte addressing mode (available only for usart bootloader versions and above).

9 Write Protect0x63 Enables the write protection for some sectorsWrite Unprotect0x73 Disables the write protection for all Flash memory sectorsReadout Protect0x82 Enables the read protectionReadout Unprotect(2)0x92 Disables the read protectionBootloader command setAN31558/37 DocID17066 Rev 7 Each packet is either accepted (ACK answer) or discarded (NACK answer): ACK = 0x79 NACK = Get commandThe Get command allows you to get the version of the bootloader and the supported commands. When the bootloader receives the Get command, it transmits the bootloader version and the supported command codes to the host, as described in Figure 2. Get command: host side6 HQG [ [)) 6 WDUW *HW:DLW IRU $&.RU 1$&.5 HFHLYH WKH QXPEHU RI E\WHV YHUVLRQ FRPPDQGV 5 HFHLYH WKH ERRWORDGHU YHUVLRQ5 HFHLYH WKH VXSSRUWHG FRPPDQGV:DLW IRU $&.]]

10 RU 1$&.(QG RI *HW1$&.$&.DL 1$&.$&.DocID17066 Rev 79/37AN3155 Bootloader command set36 Figure 3. Get command: device sideThe STM32 sends the bytes as follows:Byte 1:ACKByte 2:N = 11 = the number of bytes to follow 1 except current and 3:Bootloader version (0 < Version < 255), example: 0x10 = Version 4:0x00 Get commandByte 5:0x01 Get Version and Read Protection StatusByte 6:0x02 Get IDByte 7:0x11 Read Memory commandByte 8:0x21 Go commandByte 9:0x31 Write Memory commandByte 10:0x43 or 0x44 Erase command or Extended Erase command (these commands are exlusive)Byte 11:0x63 Write Protect commandByte 12:0x73 Write Unprotect command6 HQG $&. E\WH 6 WDUW *HW5 HFHLYHGE\WH [ [))"6 HQG WKH QXPEHU RI E\WHV YHUVLRQ FRPPDQGV 6 HQG WKH ERRWORDGHU YHUVLRQ6 HQG WKH VXSSRUWHG FRPPDQGV(QG RI *HW1R<HVDL 6 HQG 1$&.]]