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Decay Schemes - NucleonicaWiki

From NucleonicaWikiIn the following, the extracts from the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart show both the parent and daughter. Adjacent tothe nuclide box extract, the Decay scheme is shown giving more details of the Decay processes. These decayschemes are an aid to understanding the contents of the nuclide chart diagrams can be found in the new brochure for the 8th Edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart which cannow be ordered ( ) .1 9 F 18 (Z=8, N=10) References2 18 Ar 41 (Z=18, N=23) References3 27 Co 57 (Z=27, N=30) References4 27 Co 60 (Z=27, N=33) References5 39 Y 90 (Z=39, N=51) Y Y References6 29 Cu 64 (Z=29, N=35) References7 42 Mo 99 (Z=42, N=57) References8 43 Tc 99 (Z=43, N=56) Tc Tc 999 53 I 123 (Z=53, N=70) References10 53 I 131 (Z=53, N=78) References11 54 Xe 133 (Z=54, N=79) Xe Xe References12 55 Cs 137 (Z=55, N=82) References13 62 Sm 153 (Z=62, N=91) Decay Schemes - # of 251/27/2014 4:31 References14 88 Ra 226 (Z=88, N=138) References15 More InformationThe nuclide F 18 is an isotope of the element flourine (atomic number 9, chemical symbol F).

schemes are an aid to understanding the contents of the nuclide chart boxes. More diagrams can be found in the new brochure for the 8th Edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart which can ... The colour red indicates that the nucleus decays by electron capture / positron emission.

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Transcription of Decay Schemes - NucleonicaWiki

1 From NucleonicaWikiIn the following, the extracts from the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart show both the parent and daughter. Adjacent tothe nuclide box extract, the Decay scheme is shown giving more details of the Decay processes. These decayschemes are an aid to understanding the contents of the nuclide chart diagrams can be found in the new brochure for the 8th Edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart which cannow be ordered ( ) .1 9 F 18 (Z=8, N=10) References2 18 Ar 41 (Z=18, N=23) References3 27 Co 57 (Z=27, N=30) References4 27 Co 60 (Z=27, N=33) References5 39 Y 90 (Z=39, N=51) Y Y References6 29 Cu 64 (Z=29, N=35) References7 42 Mo 99 (Z=42, N=57) References8 43 Tc 99 (Z=43, N=56) Tc Tc 999 53 I 123 (Z=53, N=70) References10 53 I 131 (Z=53, N=78) References11 54 Xe 133 (Z=54, N=79) Xe Xe References12 55 Cs 137 (Z=55, N=82) References13 62 Sm 153 (Z=62, N=91) Decay Schemes - # of 251/27/2014 4:31 References14 88 Ra 226 (Z=88, N=138) References15 More InformationThe nuclide F 18 is an isotope of the element flourine (atomic number 9, chemical symbol F).

2 There are 18nucleons in the nucleus consisting of 9 protons and 9 neutrons. F 18 is radioactive with a half-life of Main Radiations Branching E MeV The colour red indicates that the nucleus decays by electron capture / positron symbol without the symbol in the box indicates that the main Decay mode is by positron emission(branching ratio %). The endpoint energy of the emitted positrons is keV. The branching ratio for Decay is There are no emissions radionuclide F 18 is a widely used tracer in nuclear medicine. The F18-FDG tracer is produced from F 18isotopes and it behaves in the human metabolic system similar to normal glucose. The nuclide F 18 emitspositrons that anihilate with free electrons in the body. After anihilation the two oppositely moving 511 keVX-rays can be easily detected by co-incidence detectors placed around the body.

3 The pairs of photons definestaight lines in the body volumen. The highest concentration of the tracer can be found where the lines this method all glucose consuming processes, e. g. in cancer cells, can be 18: Extract from the Karlsruhe NuclideChart, 8th Edition (2012)F 18 Decay SchemeDecay Schemes - # of 251/27/2014 4:31 PMHalf- (19) B et al. Table of radionuclides, , A=1 to 150 Monographie BIPM-5 (2004)Radiation: + (6) MeV, (19) %, Decay to the ground state O18EC (19) %, Decay to the ground state O18no nuclide Ar 41 is an isotope of the element argon (atomic number 18, chemical symbol Ar). There are 41nucleons in the nucleus consisting of 18 protons and 23 neutrons. Ar 41 is radioactive with a half-life of Main Radiations Branching E MeV 1294 keV MeV Ar 41: Extract from the Karlsruhe NuclideChart, 8th Edition (2012)Ar 41 Decay SchemeDecay Schemes - # of 251/27/2014 4:31 PM MeV keV The colour blue indicates that the nucleus decays by emission.

4 Ar 41 is characterised by the emission ofseveral particles with different endpoint energies. This implies that in addition to direct transition to theground state of the daughter nuclide K 41, transitions can also occur through the excited states of the the case of Decay , the nuclide box contains a maximum of two endpoint energies. The first number( MeV) corresponds to the strongest transition (highest emission probability) whereas the second correspondsto the highest endpoint energy ( MeV). Additional transitions are indicated through the use of dots. Theexcited states of the daughter nuclide K 41 release their energy through gamma emission to the daughter groundstate. The Decay process can be understood more clearly from the Decay scheme. It can then be seen that gammaemission at 1294 keV is due to transitions from the excited level at MeV to the ground state of K 41following the most probable emission of MeV.

5 A further weak transition from the excited level MeV is indicated by dots in the nuclide last row gives the (n, ) cross section for thermal neutrons in barns for the formation of Ar : (38) m --> h, , , Becquerel,Recommended data , Sheets 94(2001)429 (11) MeV, (2) %, to 7/2- 1294 keV level of K41 (4) MeV, (2) %, to 3/2+ ground state of K41 (4) MeV, (5)%, to 7/2+ 1677 keV level of K41 (4) keV, (2) %, from 7/2- 1294 keV level to 3/2+ ground state K41 (3) keV, (49) %, Sheets 94(2001)429 : (1) b, , Atlas of Neutron Resonances, Resonance Parameters and Thermal Cross Sections Z=1-100, 5th Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006)The nuclide Co 57 is an isotope of the element cobalt (atomic number 27, chemical symbol Co). There are 57nucleons in the nucleus consisting of 27 protons and 30 neutrons.

6 Co 57 is radioactive with a half-life of Schemes - # of 251/27/2014 4:31 PM Main Radiations Branching E 122 keV 136 keV 14 keV T= The colour red indicates that the nucleus decays by electron capture / positron this case all nuclei Decay by electron capture because the Q-value (Q = MeV) is not high enough for Decay (the threshold energy for positron emission is MeV). The most probable transition of the Co 57nuclei is through capture to an excited state of Fe 57 at MeV. From this level Co 57 continues to decayby internal transitions emitting either photons with energies 122 keV ( ) and 14 keV ( ) in cascade,or through the emission of 136 keV photons ( ) leading directly to the ground state of Fe 57.

7 The symbole- indicates that the transition from the level at 14 keV is predominately via electron emission (the conversioncoefficient T is ).Additional electron capture processes (not shown), with lower branching ratios, give rise to excited states of Fe57 which then de-excite by photon emission to the ground (5) drecommended Decay data from "update of X Ray and Gamma Ray Decay Data Standardsfor Detector Calibration and Other Applications", IAEA (2007)Co 57: Extract from the Karlsruhe NuclideChartCo 57 Decay SchemeDecay Schemes - # of 251/27/2014 4:31 PMRadiation:EC 100 % (12) keV, (6) % (29) keV, (15) % (31) keV, (17) % conversion electrons are present T = ..recommended Decay data from "update of X Ray and Gamma Ray Decay Data Standardsfor Detector Calibration and Other Applications", IAEA (2007)Other gammas:Nuclear Data Sheets 85, 415 (1998)The nuclide Co 60 is an isotope of the element cobalt (atomic number 27, chemical symbol Co).

8 There are 60nucleons in the nucleus consisting of 27 protons and 33 neutrons. Co 60 is radioactive with a half-life of Main Radiations Branching E MeV 1173 keV MeV keV The colour blue indicates that the nucleus decays by emission. Co 60 is characterised by the emission ofseveral particles with different endpoint energies. This implies that transitions to the ground state of thedaughter nuclide Ni 60 can occur through different excited states of the daughter 60: Extract from the Karlsruhe NuclideChart, 8th Edition (2012)Co 60 Decay SchemeDecay Schemes - # of 251/27/2014 4:31 PMIn the case of Decay , the nuclide box contains a maximum of two endpoint energies. The first number( MeV or MeV on the Decay Scheme) corresponds to the strongest transition (highest emissionprobability) whereas the second corresponds to the highest endpoint energy ( MeV or MeV on theDecay Scheme).

9 Additional transitions are indicated through the use of dots. The excited states of the daughternuclide Ni 60 release their energy through gamma emission to the daughter ground state. The Decay process canbe understood more clearly from the Decay scheme. It can then be seen that gamma emission at 1173 keV is dueto transitions from the excited level at MeV to the level at keV following the most probable emission of MeV. Another gamma emission can be seen at 1332 keV due to transitions from the excitedlevel at MeV to the ground state of Ni 60. Further emissions are indicated by dots in the nuclide last row gives the (n, ) cross section for thermal neutrons in barns for the formation of Co the half-life of Co 60 isotope is longer than 5 years, Co 60 sources are used as calibration sources forgamma-detectors around the energy levels 1173 and 1332 keV, which are the main gamma energies of Co the Decay scheme the Co 60m metastable state of Co 60 is shown.

10 It has minutes half-life. Thetransition to the Co 60 ground state occurs primarily through electron capture (T=48). Only oftransitions occur via gamma emission with an energy of 59 60m can also Decay by emission (with an energy of MeV) to an excited state of Ni 60. The smallbranching ratio is indicated by a small blue triangle in the bottom right corner of nuclide box. The excited statedecays further to the ground state through the emission of 1332 keV gamma last row 58 gives the (n, ) cross section for thermal neutrons in barns for the formation of Co : (27) d (d per mean solar year) = (7) arecommended Decay data from "update of X Ray and Gamma Ray Decay Data Standardsfor Detector Calibration and Other Applications", IAEA (2007) (25) (d per mean solar year) = (7) , (2002)125 (14) (d per mean solar year) = (4) a, weighted averageNuclear Data Sheets 100(2003)347 Radiation: - 100 % (4) keV, (6) % (3) keV, (3) %recommended Decay data from "update of X Ray and Gamma Ray Decay Data Standardsfor Detector Calibration and Other Applications", IAEA (2007) - (10) MeV, (3) % (20) MeV, (3) %.


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