ISM-Band and Short Range Device Regulatory ... - TI.com

1 ApplicationReportSWRA048 May2005 ISM-BandandShortRangeDeviceRegulatoryCom plianceOverviewMatthewLoy,RajuKaringatti l, 10 log 4 E2 [V2] 10 log E2 [V2] (1)IntroductionTexasInstruments low-powerRFdevicesmakeiteasiertobuildwir elesslinksforremotecontrol,metering, ,theyareusedinsideunlicensed,orlicense-f ree, ; (ISMisshortfortheIndustrial,Scientific,a ndMedicalfrequencybands,andSRDisanabbrev iationofShort-RangeDevices.)BoththeUSand EUregulatoryagenciesplacelimitationsonth eoperatingfrequencies,outputpower,spurio usemissions,modulationmethods,andtransmi tdutycycles, , , ,orradiatedenergy, :theelectricalfieldstrength(E)measuredat somedistancefromtheradiator,theeffective isotropicradiatedpower(EIRP)ortheeffecti veradiatedpower(ERP).Theelectricalfields trength(E) , ,itisoftennotasusefulfromadesignperspect iveastheeffectiveisotropicradiatedpower, (Suchanantennaiscalledanisotropicradiato r.)

2 Givenadistancerfromthetransmittingantenn a, ,ERP, , , ,inthedirectionofmaximumgain, ,suchasdBm,itholdsthat:ERP=EIRP ,ERP,orEatadistancerisgiven, ,SWRA046, ,theFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC) (CFR). , , ,theindustrial,scientific,andmedical,orI SM, , ,theFCCdistinguishesbetweenintentional, , , V/m V/m V/m >960 MHz500 V/m ,therearerestrictedfrequencyranges,orban ds, , , 4102200 6142310 14272655 (continued)MHzMHzGHz1435 32679 , , ; 7276 88174 216470 806 Outsidetherestrictedbands, , , (a).Theseconditionsaresummarizedbelow. Thetransmittermustbeusedtotransmitasimpl econtrolsignal,likeanalarmsystem,adoorop ener, Ifthetransmitterisoperatedmanually,anaut omaticswitchmustceasethetransmissionwith infivesecondsafterreleasing. Ifthetransmissionisstartedautomatically, itmustnotlastlongerthanfiveseconds.

3 Continuoustransmissions,voice,videoandra diocontroloftoysarenotallowed. ,thetotaldurationoftransmissionsforeacht ransmittermustnotexceedtwosecondsperhour . Transmittersusedtosignalafire,securityor safetyoflife, (a)arefulfilled,themaximumpermittedelect ricalfieldstrengthatadistanceofthreemete rsincreaseslinearlywithfrequencyfrom3750 V/mat260 MHzto12500 V/mat470 MHzaccordingtothefollowingequation:ISM-B andandShortRangeDeviceRegulatoryComplian ceOverview4 SWRA048 Vm MHz Vm(2)E Vm MHz Vm(3)EIRP 20 log E V m (4) ,12500 ,suchasharmonicsofthetransmitter,is20dBb elowthelimitforthefundamental, , , , , (a), (e). (a),aslongasthedurationofonetransmission isshorterthan1secondandthesilentperiodbe tweentransmissionsisatleast30timesthedur ationofthetransmission,or10seconds, (e)allowstheelectricalfieldstrengthinthr eemetersdistanceincreasingfrom1500 V/mat260 MHzto5000 V/mat470 ,thefieldstrengthlimitisaconstant5000 ,allspuriousemissionsmustbe20dBbelowthel imitforthefundamentalsignalorbelowthelim itsinTable1, ,EIRP, ,asspecifiedintheFCCpart15regulationscon sideredhere, ,andtherestrictedfrequencybands, (a) (e)

4 ElectricalFieldResultingEIRPE lectricalFieldResultingEIRPF requencyStrengthin3 MetersStrengthin3 MetersDistanceDistance260 MHz3750 V/m V/m V/m V/m 300100020003000 Frequency / MHzEIRP / dBm 5 10 15 20 25 , ,ifthetransmissionburstislessthan100ms,t hetransmitpowercanbeincreasedbytheratioo f100mstothetransmittime, ,especiallyattheharmonics,ormultiples, ,eitherbyoutputamplifierdesignorbyusingf ilters, ,itisagoodpracticetochoosefundamentalfre quenciesthatdon ,butwithmorefrequencychoices, 928 MHzBandRegulationsintheUnitedStatesThefr equencybandof902 928 MHzisoneoftheIndustrial,Scientific,andMe dicalbandsintheUS, , , , ,500 V/m,correspondingtoanEIRPof : Thetransmitterpseudo-randomlyhopsbetween frequenciesthatareseparatedfromeachother byatleastthe20-dBbandwidthofthedatachann el,butnotlessthan25kHz. The20-dBbandwidthofthehoppingchannelisno tlargerthan500kHz.

5 Ifthe20-dBbandwidthofthehoppingchannelis lessthan250kHz, (dwelltime) Ifthebandwidthofthehoppingchannelislarge rthan250kHz, , ,thepermittedpeaktransmitpowerdeliveredt otheantennais+ ,thepeaktransmitpoweris+ , ,themaximumEIRP allowed(thepeaktransmitpowerplustheisotr opicantennagain),is+36dBmor+ , , + , ,thepeakpowerspectraldensityconductedtot heantennamustnotbegreaterthan+ + :theemissioninany100-kHzbandwidthoutside the902 ,forfundamentalsignalsinthe902 928 MHzband,the3rd,4th,and5thharmonicsallfal lintorestrictedbands, 928 MHzBandFundamentalHarmonicsTransmissionT ypeEat3mEIRPEat3mEIRPF requencyhopping 50channels:+36dBm20dBbelowthepeakin- band emissioninany<50channels:+30dBm100-kHzba ndwidthDigitallyspread+36dBmOther50mV/m V/m ,thesametransmitpowerlimitsasinthe902 , ,similartothecontrolandperiodicapplicati onsdescribedabove, 928 MHzband, : Thetransmitterhopspseudo-randomlybetween atleast15non-overlappingfrequencychannel s.

6 + ,apeaktransmitpowerof+ 928 MHzband, +36dBminasystemwithatleast75channelsor+ 75channels:+36dBm20dBbelowthepeakin- band emissioninany<75channels:+30dBm100-kHzba ndwidthDigitallyspread+36dBmOther50mV/m V/m :increasedcostandcurrentconsumptionofthe activecomponents,reducedpropagationdista nceforthesamepower, , , , ,butthevendorhastostateinaDeclarationofC onformity(DOC) ,orradiatedfrequency-selective,powermeas urements.(Insomecasestheelectricalfields trengthatagivendistanceisspecified,which isequivalenttoapowermeasurement.) , (CISPR)oftheInternationalElectro-technic alCommission(IEC).Ingeneralterms, , , , ,thefieldstrengthlimitsforperiodicoperat ion, , , ,ifthetransmitterisswitchedononlyfor10ms withinthe100msaveraginginterval, : Fortransmitters,fromthelowestradiofreque ncygeneratedinthedeviceuptothetenthharmo nicofthehighestfundamentalfrequency.

7 Forreceivers,fromthelowestradiofrequency generatedinthedeviceupto: 2 GHzifthehighestfrequencygeneratedinthede viceortowhichthedevicetunesisbetween108a nd500 MHz, 5 GHzifthehighestfrequencygeneratedinthede viceortowhichthedevicetunesisbetween500 MHzand1 GHz,or Thefifthharmonicofthehighestfrequencygen eratedinthedeviceortowhichthedevicetunes , powerin (Table 1)Periodicoperation?YesConditions (a) met?(Section )YesTransmit powerin (a)sufficient?(Table 4)Use any frequencyexcept restrictedbands(Table 2)YesConditions in(Section )Transmit powerin (e)sufficient?(Table 4)YesUse any frequencyexcept restrictedbands(Table 2)YesUse 902 .. 918 MHzor bandFrequencyhopping orspreadspectrum?NoNoNoNoUse any frequencyexcept restrictedbands(Table 2)YesTransmit power limitsin apply(915 MHz: Table 6 : Table 7)Transmit power limitsin apply(915 MHz: Table 6 : Table 7)YesNoNoNo (e) , , , , , , ,lowpowerwirelessdevicesaregenerallyrefe rredtoasshort-rangedevices, (ECC),whichispartoftheEuropeanConference ofPostalandTelecom-municationAdministrat ion(CEPT).

8 , , #Application1 Non-specificShortRangeDevices2 EquipmentforDetectingAvalancheVictims3 LocalAreaNetworks, , , , ,butitwouldhavetotakeintoaccountthatothe rapplicationsmayusethisfrequencyband, +10dBm<10% 13dBm/10kHz, +10dBmNolimits<25kHzNoaudioandvoice868 +14dBm<1% +14dBm< +10dBmNolimits< +27dBm<10%< +7dBmNolimitsNolimits2400 + 405 MHzUltraLowPowermedicalImplants 16dBmNolimits25kHz(1) +10dBm< (1) +10dBm< +10dBm< +14dBm<10%25kHz863 865 MHzRadioMicrophones+10dBmNolimits200kHz8 63-865 MHzWirelessAudioApplications+10dBmNolimi ts300kHz1785 1800 MHzRadioMicrophones+ + (2)2446 2454 MHzRailwayapplications+ + 2454 MHzRFID+ 2454 MHzRFID+ <15%Nolimits(1)Thewholefrequencybandmayb eusedasonechannelforhighspeeddatatransmi ssion(2)Maximumpowerdensity (ERP). ,theERPisrelatedtotheEIRP bytherelationERP=EIRP ,thedutycycleisdefinedasthemaximumtotalt ransmitterontimeasafraction,expressedasa percentage, ,thedurationofoneindividualtransmissiona ndtheminimumofftimebetweentwoconsecutive transmissionsarelimited, < <1% <10% (R&TTEdirective).

9 TheR&TTEdirectiveisbasedonself-declarati on,thatis, :Themanufacturerdeclaresconformityandest ablishestechnicaldocumentation(forreceiv ersonly). :Themanufacturerestablishesafullqualitya ssurancesystem,whereanotifiedbodycanasse ssthequalityassurancesystem, , , , , (EMC)andsafety,suchasEN300683andEN301489 , ,accordingtoAnnexIV,anotifiedbody,thatis aspeciallycertifiedtestlaboratory, , , ,asdefinedinEN300220,andthecorresponding clauses,are: Frequencyerror( )Fornarrowbandsystems, , ,mobile, ,mobileifitisfixedinavehicle,andportable ifitisintendedtobecarried,attached,orimp lanted Conductedcarrierpowerforequipmentwithant ennaconnectors( ) Effectiveradiatedpower( )Theeffectiveradiatedpowerismeasuredinan anechoicchamberoranopenareatestsitespeci fiedinannexAofthestandard. Responsetomodulationfrequencies( )Thisclauseappliestoanalogmodulatednarro wbandsystemsonlyandgiveslimitstothemodul ationdepthorfrequencydeviation.

10 Adjacentchannelpower( ) Rangeofmodulationbandwidth( ) Spuriousemissions( ) Frequencystabilityunderlowvoltageconditi ons( ) ,orremainsonchannel(fornarrowbandequipme nt)orintheassignedfrequencyband(forwideb andequipment)ifthebatteryrunsempty. Dutycycle( )ISM-BandandShortRangeDeviceRegulatoryCo mplianceOverviewSWRA048 (Clause) (drift) ,operating<1 GHz: 36dBm<1 GHzatbroadcastfrequencies: 54dBm>1 GHz: ,standby<1 GHz: 57dBm>1 GHz: (Clause)Limitfor10- ,f<500 MHzFixedstation: 1kHzFixedstation: 2kHzMobilestation: : 2kHzPortablestation: : ,f>500 MHzNothingspecifiedFixedstation: : : (seeTable5 AccordingtoERC-REC70-03(seeandTable6)Tab le5andTable6) : 20dBmNormaltestconditions: 37dBmExtremetestconditions: 15dBmExtremetestconditions: ,operating<1 GHz: 36dBm<1 GHzatbroadcastfrequencies: 54dBm>1 GHz: ,standby<1 GHz: 57dBm>1 GHz: ,sensitivity, (class3),mediumreliable(class2),orhighly reliable(class1).