Software-Defined Radio for Engineers - Analog Devices

1 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 pagei #1 Software-Defined Radio for EngineersAnalog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 page ii #2 For a listing of recent titles in theArtech HouseMobile Communications, turn to the back of this Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 page iii #3 Software-Defined Radio for EngineersTravis F. CollinsRobin GetzDi PuAlexander M. WyglinskiAnalog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataA catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalog record for this book is available from the British : 978-1-63081-457-1 Cover design by John Gomes 2018 Travis F.

2 Collins, Robin Getz, Di Pu, Alexander M. WyglinskiAll rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec-tronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 pagev #5 DedicationTo my wife Lauren Travis CollinsTo my wonderful children, Matthew, Lauren, and Isaac, and my patient wife,Michelle sorry I have been hiding in the basement working on this book.

3 Toall my fantastic colleagues at Analog Devices : Dave, Michael, Lars-Peter, Andrei,Mihai, Travis, Wyatt and many more, without whom Pluto SDR and IIO wouldnot exist. Robin GetzTo my lovely son Aidi, my husband Di, and my parents Lingzhen and Xuexun Di PuTo my wife Jen Alexander WyglinskiAnalog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 page vi #6 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 page vii #7 ContentsPrefacexiiiCHAPTER 1 Introduction to Software-Defined Brief What is a Software-Defined Radio ? Networking and RF architectures for Processing architectures for software Environments for Additional readings17 References18 CHAPTER 2 Signals and Time and Frequency Fourier Periodic Nature of the Fast Fourier Sampling Uniform Frequency Domain Representation of Uniform Nyquist Sampling Nyquist Sample Rate Signal Frequency Imaginary Signal Metrics and SINAD, ENOB, SNR, THD, THD + N, and Eye Receive Techniques for Nyquist Fixed Point Quantization49viiAnalog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material.

4 Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 page viii # Design Trade-offs for Number of Bits, Cost, Power,and So Sigma-Delta Analog -Digital Digital Signal Processing Techniques for Discrete Digital Transmit Techniques for Analog Reconstruction Digital Pulse-Shaping Nyquist Pulse-Shaping Two Nyquist Chapter Summary85 References85 CHAPTER 3 Probability in Modeling Discrete Random Events in Communication Binary Communication Channels and Conditional Modeling Continuous Random Events in Communication Cumulative Distribution Time-Varying Randomness in Communication Gaussian Noise Gaussian Power Spectral Densities and LTI Narrowband Application of Random Variables: Indoor Channel Chapter Additional Readings114 References115 CHAPTER 4 Digital Communications What Is Digital Transmission?

5 Source Channel Digital Power Pulse Amplitude Modulation129 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 page ix # Quadrature Amplitude Phase Shift Power Efficiency Probability of Bit Error Signal Space Gram-Schmidt Optimal Signal Vector Decision Maximum Likelihood Detection in an AWGN Basic Receiver Matched Filter Correlator Chapter Additional Readings168 References169 CHAPTER 5 Understanding SDR Components of a Communication Components of an AD9363 Zynq Linux Industrial Input/Output MATLAB as an IIO Not Just for Strategies For Development in Radio I/O Continuous Latency and Data Receive Automatic Gain Common Example: Loopback with Real Noise Figure189 References190 CHAPTER 6 Timing Matched Timing Symbol Timing Compensation198 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material.

6 Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 pagex # Phase-Locked Feedback Timing Alternative Error Detectors and System M ller and Putting the Pieces Chapter Summary212 References212 CHAPTER 7 Carrier Carrier Frequency Offset Coarse Frequency Fine Frequency Performance Error Vector Magnitude Phase Code Differential Chapter Summary229 References230 CHAPTER 8 Frame Synchronization and Channel O Frame, Where Art Thou? Frame Signal Alternative Putting the Pieces Full Recovery with Pluto Channel Repetition BER Chapter Summary251 References251 CHAPTER 9 Channel Estimation and You Shall Not Multipath!253 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 page xi # Channel Nonlinear Receiver Chapter Summary265 References266 CHAPTER 10 Orthogonal Frequency Division Rationale for MCM: Dispersive Channel General OFDM Cyclic Common OFDM Waveform Packet CFO Symbol Timing Bit and Power Putting It All Chapter Summary286 References286 CHAPTER 11 Applications for Software-Defined Cognitive Bumblebee Behavioral Reinforcement Vehicular Chapter Summary299 References299 APPENDIX AA Longer History of History 1750 1850: Industrial 1850 1945: Technological 1946 1960: Jet Age and Space 1970 1979: Information 1980 1989: Digital 1990 1999: Age of the Public Internet (Web ) Post-2000.

7 Everything comes together319 References319 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: fm 2018/3/26 11:43 page xii #12xiiContentsAPPENDIX BGetting Started with MATLAB and MATLAB Useful MATLAB Code Analysis and M-Lint System Objects330 References332 APPENDIX CEqualizer Linear Zero-Forcing Decision Feedback Equalizers336 APPENDIX DTrigonometric Identities337 About the Authors339 Index341 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material. Wyglinski: ch05_new 2018/3/26 11:43 page 171 #1 CHAPTER 5 Understanding SDR HardwareIn this chapter, we will discuss the real-world implications of using SDR hardwareand fundamentals for interacting with the Pluto SDR from MATLAB. Using PlutoSDR as a template we will provide an introduction in the receive and transmitchains, discussing how Analog waveforms become digital samples in we have a solid grasp on this process a common code templating will beintroduced, which will be used throughout the remaining chapters when workingwith the Radio in MATLAB.

8 This templating will provide a simplified workflowthat can help alleviate common problems faced when working with SDR s andspecifically Pluto SDR. Finally, the chapter will conclude with a small example tomake sure the Pluto SDR is configured correctly with Components of a Communication SystemThe Software-Defined Radio described in Section can constitute a Radio nodein anything from a point-to-point link to an element in a large ad hoc network ofradios. It can be used as an RFFE to a MATLAB script or Simulink model or it canbe programmed and used as a complete stand-alone Radio . The Radio front end, inthis case the Pluto SDR, is a single components in a larger communications system,which would also normally include external filters and band-specific antennas. Adescription of the communication systems, and the block diagram are shown inFigure (c).

9 The major aspects of that are An Analog RF section (atennna, RF filters, input mux, LNA, gain,attenuation, mixer); An Analog baseband section ( Analog filters, ADC or DAC); Some signal processing units (fixed filters inside a transceiver, or user definedinside a FPGA or DSP, or general-purpose processor).While Pluto SDR provides a great low-cost platform for STEM education and SDRexperimentation, it is representive of many SDRs used in commuications it is small and low-cost, the Pluto SDR has enough capability to tacklea wide range of SDR applications, such as GPS or weather satellite receiver orad hoc personal area networks. The Pluto SDR plays the part of the communicationssystems described above as follows: An Analog RF section (atennna, RF filters, input mux, LNA, gain,attenuation, mixer) Antenna and RF filters are expected to be done outside the Pluto SDR andare the responsibility of the end user171 Analog Devices perpetual eBook license Artech House copyrighted material.

10 Wyglinski: ch05_new 2018/3/26 11:43 page 172 #2172 Understanding SDR Hardware The remaining portions of the first first bullet (input mux, LNA, gain,attenuation, mixer), are all implmented in the AD9363, Integrated RFAgile Transceiver Analog baseband section ( Analog filters, ADC or DAC) is implmented in theAD9363, Integrated RF Agile Transceiver Signal processing; this is split between Parts of signal processing is implmented in the AD9363, IntegratedRF Agile Transceiver. This includes the fixed halfband decimiation andinterpolation filters and programmable 128-tap FIR filters. Optional filtering and decimation may be done in the Xilinx Zynq FPGA fabric. The I/Q data is then passed up to the USB to a host, where MATLAB cancontinue the signal understand the details of these pieces, it is necessary to peel back the plasticon the Pluto SDR and look at the Devices that make up the device itself.